Calcium hopantenate

CioHi.jNOj 49831-65-4) see Calcium hopantenate 3P,5-dihydroxy-6p,17-dimethyl-5a-pregnan-20-one (C23H3JO1 95671-00-4) see Medrogestone lip,17-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-9a-fluoro-21-iodo-16P-methyl-l,4-pregnadiene... 

CgH 7NOj 79-83-4) see Calcium hopantenate n-pantothenic acid methyl ester... 

Otsuka M, Akiba T, Okita Y, Tomita K, Yoshiyama N, Sasaoka T, Kanayama M, Marumo F. Lactic acidosis with hypoglycemia and hyperammonemia observed in two uremic patients during calcium hopantenate treatment. Jpn J Med 1990 29(3) 324-8. 

Hopantenate (calcium d-(+)-4-(2, 4-dihydroxy-3, 3-dimethylbutyramido)butyrate hemihydrate), or calcium hopantenate, is a homoanalog of 1-pantothenate and has been used in Japan for the treatment of mental retardation with behavioral abnormalities. It represents one of the many attempts that have been made, so far unsuccessfully, to develop derivatives of substances belonging to the vitamin B group as agents for the treatment of brain or nervous disorders (SEDA-12, 328) (SEDA-13, 347). 

Adverse effects, sometimes fatal, have been reported in patients taking calcium hopantenate, notably encephalopathy with metabolic acidosis and semicoma (1) and a Reye-like syndrome (2) this may be due to pantothenic acid deficiency, as hopantenate is a pantothenic acid antagonist. In elderly people, liver dysfunction and gastrointestinal upsets have been reported (3,4). In Japan, where the product was introduced in 1978, the control authorities in 1988 issued a series of warnings with respect to problems caused by hopantenate (5). 

Kimura A, Yoshida I, Ono E, Matsuishi T, Yoshino M, Yamashita F, Yamamoto M, Hashimoto T, Shinka T, Kuhara T, et al. Acute encephalopathy with hyperammonemia and dicarboxyhc aciduria during calcium hopantenate therapy a patient report. Brain Dev 1986 8(6) 601-5. 

Togashi K, Miura Y, Ishiyama S, et al. Two autopsied cases of sudden death associated with calcium hopantenate. Brain Devel 1984 6 230. 

Noda S, Umezaki H, Yamamoto K, Araki T, Murakami T, Ishii N. Reye-hke syndrome following treatment with the pantothenic acid antagonist, calcium hopantenate. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988 51(4) 582-5. 

Ohsuga S, Ohsuga H, Takeoka T, Ikeda A, Shinohara Y. [Metabohc acidosis and hypoglycemia during calcium hopantenate administration—report on 5 patients.] Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1989 29(6) 741-6. 

Anonymous. Calcium hopantenate. Information on Adverse Reactions to Drugs, 1988. 

Calcium hopantenate. The administration of the pantothenic acid antagonist, calcium hopantenate (also called calcium homopantothenate), can decrease CoA and inhibit mitochondrial p-oxidation, and it has caused several cases of Reye s-like syndrome in Japan (Noda et al. 1988). 

The determination of trimethylsilylated pantoyllactone by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography (GC-MF) with a packed column has been developed for the assay of pantothenic acid by Tarli et al. (23). Umeno et al. (24) used the same method to investigate hopantenic acid levels in serum and urine after administration of calcium hopantenate. 

CN (( )-4-[(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-l-oxobutyl)amino]butanoic acid calcium salt (2 1) hopantenic acid... 

The calcium salt of hopantenic acid (Fig. 7) has been used for improving blood circulation and metabolism in the brain (26). 

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