Calcium carbonate nanoparticles effect

Sonawane S, Khanna P, Meshram S, Mahajan C, Deosarkar M, Gumfekar S (2009) Effect of surfactant on synthesis of calcium carbonate nanoparticles using sonochemical carbonization. Int J Chem Reactor Eng (Be press) 7 A(47) l-15, www.bepress.com/ijcre/vol7/47... 

Calcium carbonate nanoparticles are commercially available and are claimed to give a cost effective way of increasing impact strength (113). Their use in impact modified PVC has improved mechanical properties (57). 

EFFECTS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE NANOPARTICLES AND BLENDEX 338 ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PVC... 

In Part Four, Chapter 11 offers the effectiveness of calcium carbonate nanoparticles on the improvements of compressive strength and durabUity of high-volume fly ash concrete. These resulting properties are further correlated with relevant microstructure and crystalline phases by means of X-ray diffraction, mercury intrusion porosimetry, differential thermal analysis, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Chapter 12 reviews current research and relevant techniques for the manufacture and application of amorphous carbon and its nanocomposites. Various applications for the textile, plastic, and healthcare industries, as well as in the fields of gas and water filtering, electrical apphcations, and food packaging, are also discussed based on the superior and unique propoties of... 

Particle size (nanoparticles, carbon black, and fumed silica are examples of small particles which typically contribute to an increase in tensile strength compare the effect of particle size on PVAc adhesive properties where different sizes of calcium carbonate were used)... 

The final examples, taken from a range of possibilities, illustrate first the use of nanoparticles (in Fig. 29, dendrimers of two generations) on the morphology of calcium carbonate particles prepared in their presence. The larger dendrimer has a greater effect on the product whose particles size is much smaller than that prepared with the lower generation dendrimer. 

A few other ceramic nanoparticles have been studied to date for orthopedic applications, most of which, however, are used as additives to other orthopedic materials. For example, bare or functionahzed magnesium oxide, zirconia, barium sulfate, and calcium carbonate are added to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement to reduce the exothermic effect of PMMA while increase its cytocompatibility. X-ray radiopac-ity, as well as antibacterial potential [65],... 

More recently nanoscale fillers such as clay platelets, silica, nano-calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and carbon nanotube nanoparticles have been used extensively to achieve reinforcement, improve barrier properties, flame retardancy and thermal stability, as well as synthesize electrically conductive composites. In contrast to micron-size fillers, the desired effects can be usually achieved through addihon of very small amounts (a few weight percent) of nanofillers [4]. For example, it has been reported that the addition of 5 wt% of nanoclays to a thermoplastic matrix provides the same degree of reinforcement as 20 wt% of talc [5]. The dispersion and/or exfoliahon of nanofillers have been identified as a critical factor in order to reach optimum performance. Techniques such as filler modification and matrix functionalization have been employed to facilitate the breakup of filler agglomerates and to improve their interactions with the polymeric matrix. 

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