Calcitonin solution

Fig. 9.2 Blood calcium level after intragastric administration of unmodified calcitonin-loaded PLGA nanospheres (white squares), chitosan-modified calcitonin-loaded PLGA nanospheres (white triangles), and calcitonin solution (white circles). Adapted from Takeuchi et al. (2001)...

Fig. 10.13 Profiles of plasma calcium levels after intragastric administration of submicronsized liposomes, ssLip, and ssCS-Lip containing calcitonin (taken from Takeuchi et al. 2005a) The measured mean particle sizes of ssLip and ssCS-Lip were 196.4 and 473.4 nm, respectively. The formulation of liposomes was DSPC DCP cholesterol = 8 2 1. The concentration of chitosan for coating was 0.3%. p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001 significantly different from the level for calcitonin solution tp<0.05, t1p<0.0l significantly different from the level for ssLip (n=3 in each case).

Fig. 10.14 AAC values of calcitonin solution and PLNs over 48 h after intragastric administration into rats, n=3 (modified from Thirawong et al. 2008b)...

Kanaori et al. [1.122] studied the mechanism of formation, and association of human calcitonin (hCT) fibrils using NMR. hCT associates and precipitates during storage in aqueous solution. The freeze dried hCT and its behavior is described. 

A similar case is that of salmon calcitonin (see Fig. 6.22 in Sect. 6.3.2.4). In acidic solution, this peptide undergoes deamidation of Gin14 and Gin20 to yield the corresponding (and active) [Glu14] calcitonin and [Glu20] calcitonin [85],... 

Hypercalcemia can be treated by (1) administering 0.9% NaCl solution plus furosemide (if necessary) renal excretion (2) the osteoclast inhibitors calcitonin, plicamycin, or clodro-nate (a bisphosphonate) bone calcium mobilization i (3) the Ca +chelators EDTA sodium or sodium citrate as well as (4) glucocorticoids. 

Nasal absorption. Sucrose ester of coconut fatty acid in aqueous ethanol solution (sucrose cocoate SL-40) administered intrana-sally to anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 0.5% sucrose cocoate with insulin, produced a rapid and significant increase in plasma insulin level with a concomitant decrease in blood glucose levels. Administration of a dose of 0.5% sucrose cocoate with calcitonin produced a rapid increase in plasma calcitonin levels and a concomitant decrease in plasma calcium levels . 

Three main categories of processes are used for the synthesis of peptides chemical synthesis, extraction from natural substances, and biosynthesis. On further scrutiny, almost 10 distinct synthetic methods can be distinguished (see Table 4.2). For the synthesis of some peptides, more than one method is used, including chemical (solution or solid phase) synthesis and recombinant biotechnology for salmon calcitonin, extraction from pancreas, semisynthesis, and recombinant biotechnology for insulin. 

Intranasal Solutions Calcitonin for Paget s disease gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist for management of endometriosis... 

Oral 5, 10, 35, 40, 70 mg tablets 70 mg/75 mL oral solution Calcitonin-Salmon... 

The calcium taken up by living systems will be found mainly as extracellular deposits or structures, with a small amount present in intracellular stores, together with some in various extracellular fluids. The calcium in fluids will be bound to protein or will be free in solution, with a few percent bound to small molecules or anions. The calcium in solution will exchange with the calcium in structures such as bone and teeth, due to the activity of hormones such as l,25-(OH)2D3, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin,455 which are responsible for the remodelling and repair of bone. 

Salmon calcitonin (SCT) Reduce bone resorption Rat Intratracheal dry powder and solution Absorption enhancers in dry powder more efficient than in solution [68]... 

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