Cage antenna

Micellar media created by sodium dodecyl sulfate or cetyltrimethylammon-ium bromide have also a positive effect on the ortho selectivity [262,269-271]. In a recent article, the PFR of 1-naphthyl acetate in aqueous solutions of an antenna polyelectrolyte like poly(sodium styrenesulfonate-co-2-vinylfluorene) has been reported, which, in addition to the micellar effect, also provides singlet sensitization by means of fluorene chromophores. In this particular case, the occurrence of in-cage versus out-of-cage processes can be clearly correlated with the different packing of the microdomains, which depends on the molar fraction of monomers in the antenna copolymer [272]. 

Smirnova, J., Woell, D., Pfleiderer, W. and Steiner, U.E. (2005) Synthesis of caged nucleosides with photoremovable protecting groups linked to intramolecular antennae. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 88, 891-904. 

The cryptate acts as an efficient antenna to collect and transfer the excitation energy to the Eu >. Eu by itself is not an efficient fluorophore but within the cryptate cage it has greatly increased quantum efficiency. 

FIGURE 28.3 The automated blood sampler and telemetry (ABST) system. 1. Animal cage 2. metabolic collection system 3. Empis infusion pump 4. blood sampling pump 5. refrigerated blood storage unit 6. circular telemetry antenna 7. DSI telemetry receiver. BASi Empis automated infusion system for continuous infusion of inuUn-FITC and PAH for GFR and ERPF measurements. The modified urine collector minimizes feces contamination and provides clinical pathology quality urine samples. Chen et al. (2014). Reproduced with permission from Elsevier. 

In these lanthanide complexes, the multidentate Schiff-base ligands can stabilize Ln centers and act as antenna sensors for lanthanide luminescence. With the Ln + centers protected by the Schiff-base hgands from solvent and water molecules, those lanthanide complexes with multidecker and cage-like structures show improved luminescence properties. 

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