Cadmium toxicokinetics

Selck H, Forbes VE, Forbes TL. 1998. The toxicity and toxicokinetics of cadmium in Capitella sp. I relative importance of water and sediment as routes of cadmium uptake. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 164 167-178. 

Toxicokinetics Toxic effects of cadmium Acute toxicity Long-term exposure Reproductive toxicity Carcinogenicity Nephrotoxicity ... 

Wahba ZZ, Coogan TP, Rhodes SW, et al. 1993. Protective effects of selenium on cadmium toxicity in rats Role of altered toxicokinetics and metallothionein. J Toxicol Environ Health 38(2) 171-182. 

Kostial K, Blanusa M, Maljkovic T, et al. 1989. Effect of a metal mixture in diet on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of cadmium, mercury and manganese in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 5 685-698. 

Schultz IR, Peters EL and Newman MC (1996) Toxicokinetics and disposition of inorganic mercury and cadmium in channel catfish after intravascular administration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 140 39— 50. 

Studies in laboratory animals have also shown the influence of metals on the toxicokinetics of plutonium. Pretreatment of rats with a subcutaneous injection of cadmium or copper followed by an intravenous injection of plutonium-239 or plutonium-238 resulted in changes in the distribution patterns of plutonium, but not in total retention of either isotope. Plutonium retention of both isotopes, following pretreatment with either metal, was increased in the spleen and the kidneys, as compared to animals treated with plutonium only (Volf 1980). Copper pretreatment appeared to increase the retention of plutonium in the liver, while cadmium pretreatment appeared to decrease plutonium retention in the liver. These differences in retention of plutonium in the liver may reflect different properties of the respective metal- binding proteins or different mechanisms of action (Volf -1980). 

Copper interacts with numerous compounds normally found in natural waters. The amounts of the various copper compounds and complexes present in solution depend on water pH, temperature, and alkalinity and on the concentrations of bicarbonate, sulfide, and organic ligands. In animals, copper interacts with essential trace elements such as iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, and selenium and also with nonessential elements including silver, cadmium, mercury, and lead interactions may be either beneficial or harmful to the organism. The patterns of copper accumulation, metabolism, and toxicity from these interactions frequently differ from those produced by copper alone. Acknowledgment of these interactions is essential for understanding copper toxicokinetics. 

Liao, C.M., Y.R. Ju, and W.Y. Chen. 2010. SuhceUular partitioning links BLM-based toxicokinetics for assessing cadmium toxicity to rainhow trout. Environ Toxicol. 26(6) 600-609. 

Toxicokinetics of Cadmium and Models for the Calculation of the Cadmium Load... 

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