Cadmium developmental effects

Toxicogenomic approaches may be used to characterize molecular impacts on a global scale across a variety of conditions, including dose and time-dependent effects. In a dose-dependent manner, mouse embryos exposed in utero to heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium (Cd), and methylmercury) show alterations on the gene level in association with increased developmental effects, including... 

In rat developmental studies, fetal effects including delayed ossification and decreased locomotor activity occurred at doses that also caused maternal toxicity. Cadmium sulfate injected into the lingual vein of female hamsters on day 8 of pregnancy caused a high incidence of resorption and malformed offspring. Acute necrosis of rat testes followed large doses orally or parenterally, but testicular effects have not been reported thus far in humans." ... 

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Immunosuppressant exposure also impacts the development of the immune system. Several studies have shown this effect [12, 13, 18] including one which examined TCDD, described in the study as a notorious innnunotoxicant [12]. Other chemicals that cause developmental immunotoxicity include PCBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlordane, DDT, HCB, methylmercury, lead, and cadmium [13]. 

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