CaCl2-LiCl

Laboratory grade chemicals were used for the equilibrium experiments. Metallic powders of Zr, Hf, Cu and Sn had a purity higher than 99.9%. Chloride salts of CUCI2, NaCl, CaCl2, LiCl and MgCl2 had a purity higher than 99.0%. 

The CaCl2-LiCl (70 to 30 mol%) salt mixture seems to be the best one for the grouped actinide back-extraction studies. However, the use of a perfectly tightly sealed device is absolutely needed to prevent any AICI3 volatilisation. 

The optimised experimental conditions were tested on grouped An back-extraction experiments. Table 6.3.4 summarises the extraction efficiencies of U, Pu, Am and Nd after contacting the three metal ingots prepared by reductive liquid/liquid extraction, with CaCl2-LiCl -b AICI3, that is runs El, C and E2. The AlCl3/An ratio was set equal to approximately seven for the three experiments. 

The U back-extraction study came to the conclusion that low chloral-base salts offer the most suitable results. However, a perfect tightness of the system must be insured to prevent AICI3 losses. The use of be CaCl2-LiCl (70 to 30 mol%) and an AlCl3/An ratio equal to six to seven led to a nearly quantitative back-extraction of U (the most difficult actinide to be recovered). 

The last part of the experimental study demonstrated the feasibility of the An oxidative back-extraction from an A1 matrix, in CaCl2-LiCl media. The recovery of Pu and Am is quantitative in a single stage. As expected, U is the most difficult actinide to be back-extracted and cannot fully be recovered in a single step. 

Long, G., Yao, Y., Wang, F., and Wang, R. (1999). Isopeistic Determination of the Activity Coefficients of LiCl and CaCl2 in the CaCl2-LiCl-H20 System at 25°C. Wuli Huaxue Xuebao 15(10), 956-960. 

The aramids are formed in the low temperature reaction, -10 to 60°C, of equimolar amounts of the diacid chloride and the diamine in an amide solvent, typically dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) or A/-meth5i-2-pyrrohdinone (NMP) and usually with a small amount of an alkaU or alkaline-earth hydroxide and a metal salt, such as LiOH [1310-65-2] LiCl, Ca(OH)2 [1305-62-0] or CaCl2 added to increase the solubiUty of the polymer and neutralize the hydrochloric acid generated in the reaction. 

Lithium Chloride. Of the metal haUdes, calcium bromide [7789-41-5] CaBr2, ziac chloride [7646-85-7] ZnCl2, CaCl2, and lithium chloride [7447-41-8] LiCl, (Class 1, nonregenerative) are the most effective for water removal (4). AH are available ia the form of dehquescent crystals. The hydrates of LiCl are LiCl-nH2 O, where n = 1, 2, or 3. Lithium chloride solutions are more stable ia air and less corrosive than the other metal haUdes. The high solubihty of lithium carbonate [554-13-2] Li2C02, usually eliminates scale formation problems (see LiTHlUM COMPOUNDS). 

Lithium chloride [7447-41-8] M 42.4, m 600 , 723 . Crysld from water (ImL/g) or MeOH and dried for several hours at 130 . Other metal ions can be removed by preliminary crystallisation from hot aqueous 0.0 IM disodium EDTA. Has also been crystallised from cone HCl, fused in an atmosphere of dry HCl gas, cooled under dry N2 and pulverised in a dry-box. Kolthoff and Bruckenstein [J Am Chem Soc 74 2529 1952] ppted with ammonium carbonate, washed with Li2C03 five times by decantation and finally with suction, then dissolved in HCl. The LiCl solution was evaporated slowly with continuous stirring in a large evaporating dish, the dry powder being stored (while still hot) in a desiccator over CaCl2. 

Electrochemical cells have also been proposed for carbon that employ a eutectic molten salt mixture of Li2C03 Na2C03or LiCl-CaCl2-CaC2 as the electrolyte. A diffusion-type meter has also been developed for both small-scale and reactor sodium . 

Westall, J. C. Johnson, C. A. Zhang, W Distribution of LiCl, NaCl, KC1, HC1, MgCl2, and CaCl2 between octanol and water, Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 1803-1810... 

Electrochemical studies of plutonium in NaCl-based melts are less common than that in LiCl—KCl mixtures. In a recent paper by Lambertin etal. the standard potentials for the Pu(III)/Pu(0) couple were determined from cyclic voltammetry data in equimolar NaCl—KCl and CaCl2... 

If cost per gram were not a concern, which of the following substances would be the most efficient per unit mass for melting snow from sidewalks and roads glucose (CgH Og), LiCl, NaCl, CaCl2 Explain. 

Gates JA, Wood RH (1985) Densities of aqueous solutions of NaCl, MgCl2, KC1, NaBr, LiCl, and CaCl2 from 0.05 to 5.0 mol kg-1 and 0.1013 to 40 MPa at 298.15K. J Chem Eng Data 30 44-49 Gibbs JW (1948) The collected works of J. Willard Gibbs. Yale University... 

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