Butyl Orange

At a lecture delivered in Philadelphia s Franklin Institute on March 17, 1949, Pauling reported some of the results from Dickey s experiments [23]. Silica gels had been prepared by procedures analogous to the formation of antibodies , i.e. in accordance with the selective theory, and the study was published later the same year [24]. The method described involved polymerisation of sodium silicate in the presence of a dye. Four different dyes were used, namely methyl, ethyl, /i-propyl and -butyl orange (Fig. 1.3). As much as possible of the dye was subsequently removed, and in rebinding experiments it was found that silica prepared in the presence of any of these pattern moleeules would bind the pattern molecule in preference to the other three dyes. Table 1.2 shows the selective increase in pattern dye sorption capacities of the gels as related to a control gel, prepared in the absence of dye. 

Gels prepared with Methyl orange Ethyl orange Propyl orange Butyl orange... 

R = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl Orange dyes... 

Methyl-orange (R = Me) Ethyl-orange (R = Et) Propyl-orange (R = Pr) Butyl-orange (R = Bu)... 

These materials were silica gels which preferentially adsorbed a particular dyestuff in the series methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and n-butyl orange ... 

Figure 6. Sorption isotherms of butyl orange [4] by N-acyl-chitosan gels, o = chitosan (I), = Cs-O.S, a =...

Table 4. Thermodynamic parameters for the interaction between butyl orange [4] and octanoylchitosan of D.S. = 1.0. ...

Free cydohexene from peroxides by treating it with a saturated solution of sodium bisulphite, separate, dry and distil collect the fraction, b.p. 81-83°. Mix 8 -2 g. of cycZohexene with 55 ml. of the reagent, add a solution of 15 mg. of osmium tetroxide in anhydrous butyl alcohol and cool the mixture to 0°. Allow to stand overnight, by which time the initial orange colouration will have disappeared. Remove the solvent and unused cydohexene by distillation at atmospheric pressure and fractionate the residue under reduced pressure. Collect the fraction of b.p. 120-140°/15 mm. this solidifies almost immediately. Recrystallise from ethyl acetate The yield of pure cis-l 2 cydohexanediol, m.p. 96°, is 5 0 g. 

Theoretically there remains about 22% of product to be isolated. Some of this material can be recovered indirectly by converting it to the diazide. With 500 ml. of methanol the submitters diluted the mother liquor, which contains at most 23 g. (0.08 mole) of 2,5-dichloro-3,6-di-ter -butyl-l,4-benzoquinone, and then added, with swirling, a solution of 10.4 g. (0.16 mole) of sodium azide in 30 ml. of water over a 2-minute period. The yellow solution turns orange in color. It is cooled to —5° to —10°, and the resulting orange precipitate is collected to yield 12 g. of the diazide. The minimum yield is thus 88%. 

The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of patulin and other mono-2,4-dinitrophenylhydra-zones form red zones, 2-s c-butyl-4-amino-6-nitrophenol appears as a red-orange zone while dinitrophenols and their esters are colored yellow [14]. A whole range of organophosphorus pesticides do not give any reaction [12]. 

Hutchins, M. G. K. et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1981, 22, 4599-4602 Interaction of sodium hydrogen cyanamide and tert-butyl hypochlorite in methanol at —50°C to ambient temperature forms cyanonitrene. Isolation gave an orange dimeric residue which exploded on two occasions. 

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