1 -butyl -3-methylimidazolium chloride

C. 1- Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. A 1-L, one-necked, round-bottomed flask (Note 13) is charged with 65.6 g (0.37 mol, 1 equiv) of 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, and 69.3 g (0.37 mol, 1 equiv) of potassium hexafluorophosphate (Note 19) in 70 ml of distilled water. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 hr affording a two-phase system. The organic phase is washed with 3 X 50 mL of water and dried under reduced pressure (0.1 mbar, 0.001 mm). Then 100 ml of dichloromethane and 35 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate are added. After 1 hr, the suspension is filtered and the volatile material is removed under reduced pressure (0.1 bar, 0. 1 mm) at 30°C for 2 hr to afford 86.4 g (0.29 mol, 81%) of 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as alight yellow viscous liquid, mp 10°C (Notes 20 and 21). 

Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride IH-lmidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methyl-, chloride (10) (79917-90-1)... 

A. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. A 2-L, three-necked, round-bottomed flask is equipped with a heating oil bath, a nitrogen inlet adapter, an internal thermometer adapter, an overhead mechanical stirrer, and a reflux condenser. The flask is flushed with... 

Friedel-Crafts sulfonylation of benzene and its derivatives can also be carried out using iron(III) chloride-based ionic liquids, as was shown by Samant and coworkers [23]. For example, the synthesis of diphenyl sulfone, an important intermediate for the anti-leprosy drug Dapsone, was achieved in 78% yield catalyzed by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride combined with FeCl3 (Scheme 6.7). 

Figure 6.2 Preparation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and hexafluoro-phosphate.

BMIMjCl-AlCla l-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate [ B MIM ] Cl 1 -Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride... 

Since, it was found that an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, dissolved cellulose (Swatloski et al., 2002), and various ionic liquids have been found to be good solvents for cellulose (Seoud et al, 2007, Liebert and Heinze, 2008, Feng and Chen, 2008, Pinkert et al., 2009, Zakrzewska et al., 2010). Therefore, ionic liquids are considered as powerful solvents and are used for derivatization and material processing of cellulose. 

The catalytic ability of niobate ionic liquids generated in combination with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and niobium pentachloride was tested in Pechmann cyclizations. The reaction of phenols and ethyl acetoacetate, leading to the formation of coumarins, was conducted in an acidic mixture of 60 mol% (Soares et al. 2007). 

Formation of carbonyl compound derivatives Hasan Mehdi et al. [29] reported the use of imidazolium ILs as solvents for organic transformations with tetravalent cerium salts. Urea-hydrogen peroxide in the presence of catalytic amoimt of magnesium bromide efficiently oxidizes primary and secondary benzylic alcohols into the corresponding aromatic aldehydes and ketones [30]. Margarida M. Antrmes et al. [31] reported IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) as solvent, in the transformation of o-glucose into 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde at 120 °C. 

Chauvin, Y, Hirschauer, A. and Olivier, H., Alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride aluminum-chloride molten-salts as catalysts, J. Mol. 

The use of metallorganic precursors also allows for a clean route to metal oxide nanoparticles. By employing diethyl zinc as a starting material, Williams and coworkers have shown that ZnO epoxy-resin nanocomposites and ZnO-coated carbon nanotubes may be prepared. The benefit of this method is the lack of undesirable by-products here, only ethane is produced. Given the pyrophoric nature of diethyl zinc, this reaction should be carried out under inert conditions. Ionic liquids too have been used in the low temperature synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Li et al. have employed 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, in conjunction with zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide, to prepare hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles which were formed upon simple grinding at room temperature for under an hour. ... 

Immobilized ionic liquids were shown to be used as acid catalysts for the alkylation of benzene derivatives with alkene. For example, H older ich and co workers demonstrated that the ionic liquid prepared by mixing 1 -butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) and AICI3, AL-IL effectively catalyzed the alkylation of benzene with dodecene at 80 °C to give monoalky la ted product with 98% selectivity at 99% conversion of dodecene (Scheme 6.13) [15]. 

The utilization of ionic liquids provides a new opportunity for proeessing cellulose while minimizing the energy and environmental concerns, because ionic liquids are chemically and thermally stable, non-flammable and low in volatility [91, 92]. Several ionic liquids that serve as non-derivatizing solvents have been proposed such as 1-ally 1-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) [93], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) [94], and 1,3-dialkylimidazolium formate [95]. Manufacturing cellulose fiber using ionic liquids has attracted attention in both academia and industry. For example, regenerated cellulose films... 

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