Butlerov, Alexander

Butlerov, Alexander M.(1828-1886). Russian chemist known for his numerous works in organic chemistry. He discovered formaldehyde in 1859 and studied its reactions with ammonia, including the formation of hexamethylenetetramine Refs l)H.M.Leicester, JChemEduc 17, 203 9 (1940) 2)Walker, Formaldehyde(1953), 2... 

From the concept of isomerism we can trace the origins of the structural theory—the idea that a precise arrangement of atoms uniquely defines a substance Ammonium cyanate and urea are different compounds because they have different structures To some degree the structural theory was an idea whose time had come Three scientists stand out however for independently proposing the elements of the structural theory August Kekule Archibald S Couper and Alexander M Butlerov... 

Shortly thereafter, but independently of Kekule, Archibald S. Couper, a Scot working in the laborator-y of Charles-Adolphe Wurtz at the feole de Medicine in Paris, and Alexander Butlerov, a Russian chemist at the University of Kazan, proposed similar- theories. 

August Kekule (German), Archibald Scott Couper (Briton), and Alexander M. Butlerov... 

Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov, 1828-1886. Russian organic chemist. He worked with K. K. Klaus on the preparation of antimony at the University of Kazan and later studied organic chemistry under N. N. Zinin. After working with some of the most famous chemists in Europe and serving as professor of chemistry at the University of Kazan he was appointed ordinary professor of chemistry at the University of St. Petersburg. See ref. (94). 

Leicester, Henry M, Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov, ibid., 17, 203-9... 

Following the publication of stractural theory for all to examine, the next major players in its development were the Russian, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828-1886), the Scot, Alexander Cmm Brown (1838-1922), and the Austrian, Joharm Josef Loschmidt (1821-1895). 

Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828-1886), Russian chemist, introduces the term chemical structure to mean that the chemical nature of a molecule is determined not only by the number and type of a atoms but also by their arrangement. 

Between 1858-1861, August Kekule, Archibald Scott Couper and Alexander M. Butlerov independently established one of the fundamental theories in organic chemistry The Structural Theory of Organic Compounds . 

The first example of acid induced ether cleavage was observ orl in 1861 by Alexander Butlerov who found that 2-ethoxypropanacid reacts with aqutiauH HI at lOO C to yield iodoethane and lactic acid ... 

Alexander M. Butlerov (1828-1886) was born in Tschistopol, Russia, and received his Ph.D. in 1854 I the University of scow. His mother died ortly after giving birth, he was raised by his itcrna) grandfather,... 

In a now famous article, Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov declared that... 

Berzelius and Wohler are discussed above, and their work was foundational to the specific field of organic chemistry. After those two, three more scientists are famed for independently proposing the elements of stmctural theory. Those chemists were August Kekule, Archibald Couper and Alexander Butlerov. 

Formaldehyde was first produced accidentally in 1859 by the Russian-French chemist Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828-1886). It was first synthesized in 1867 by the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818-1892) who was not, however, able to collect the compound in... 

Alexander Saytzev was born in Kazan in Russia on 20 June 1841. He studied in Germany at Marburg and Leipzig and with Butlerov at Kazan. In fact both Saytzev and Markovnikov were students of Butlerov, Saytzev became Profe.ssor of Chemistry at the University of Kazan, where he worked on the synthesis of alcohols from esters, ketones and aldehydes using zinc and alky] halides. His student Reformatsky continued his work. Saytzev s brother Mikhayl was also a chemist and ran the chemical works in Kazan. 

In particular, a Russian chemist, Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828-86), supported the new system. During the 1860s, he pointed out how the use of structural formulas could explain the existence of isomers (see page 103). For instance, to use a very simple case, ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether, although possessing widely different properties, have the same empirical formula C2HeO. The structural formulas of the two compounds are ... 

Kekule was not the only important protagonist in the rise of the set of ideas that was ultimately consolidated under the rubric "structure theory" for example, in addition to Williamson, Adolphe Wurtz, Emil Erlenmeyer, Hermann Kolbe, and Edward Frankland also played vital roles. At the time of the birth of the theory all of these men occupied respected positions in their field. Chapter 5 looks at four outsiders— Archibald Couper, Joseph Loschmidt, Aleksandr Butlerov, and Alexander Crum Brown—who at this time were relatively new to the science, but who made their marks in sometimes transformative ways during the years 1858-64. All four had definite ideas on how molecules should be conceived by the scientist and best represented for heuristic purposes. A tour of these figures provides a fuller understanding of the range of responses, opportunities, and creative options that were available during these tumultuous years in the science, and suggests par-... 

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