Butanediol divinyl ether

Heitz et al. (33) also described the preparation of polyvinyl acetate cross-linked with butanediol divinyl ether. The polymer is the base of the Merckogel series of size exclusion chromatography packings, and its hydrolyzed derivative, polyvinyl alcohol, is marketed as Fractogel and Toyopearls. 

Fig. 9. Exclusion molecular weight of polyvinyl acetats crosslinked with 20% 1,4 butanediol divinyl ether iner compound i-amyl alcohol / i-octane, abscissa given in volume fraction of nonsolvent...

Cationic polymerization of diethyleneglycol divinyl ether and butanediol divinyl ether in the presence of oniiim salts was induced by y-irradiation. The mechanism for the initiation process involves the reduction of onium salts either by organic free radicals or solvated electrons depending on the reduction potentials of the onium salts. The reduction potentials of sulfonium salts was determined by polarography at the dropping mercury electrode. Only solvated electrons were capable of reducing the salts with reduction potentials lower than approximately -100 kJ/mol. The redox process liberates the non-nucleophilic anion from the reduced onium salt and leads to the formation of a Bronsted acid or a stabilized carbenium ion. These species are the true initiators of cationic polymerization in this system. The y-induced decomposition of onium salts in 2-ethoxyethyl ether was also followed by measuring the formation of protons. An ESR study of the structure of the radicals formed in the y-radiolysis of butanediol divinyl ether showed that only a-ether radicals were formed. 

Materials. Diethylene glycol divinyl ether, DEGDVE (GAF), butanediol divinyl ether, BDDVE (GAF) and 2-ethoxyethyl ether (Aldrich) were distilled from calcium hydride prior to gamma experiments. All starting materials for the synthesis of onium salts were obtained from Aldrich and used without further purification. 

A munber of other synthetic polymer networks have been developed and commercialised for liquid chromatography including polyvinylacetate cross-linked with butanediol divinyl ether, Merkogel GPC packings (Merck), polyvinylalcohol, Frac-togel and Toyopearl (Toyo Soda), a hydroxylated acrylic monomer cross-linked with a bifunctional agent, Trisacryl (Sepracor) and a hydrophilic vinyl polymer, TSKgel PW (Toyo Soda). 

Vinyl Ethers. The principal commercial vinyl ethers are methyl vinyl ether (methoxyethene, C H O) [107-25-5], ethyl vinyl ether (ethoxyethene, C HgO) [104-92-2], and butyl vinyl ether (1-ethenyloxybutane, C H 20) [111-34-2]. (See Table 8 for physical properties.) Others such as the isopropyl, isobutyl, hydroxybutyl, decyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl ethers, as well as the divinyl ethers of butanediol and of triethylene glycol, have been offered as development chemicals (see Ethers). 

DVS, divinyl sulfone BDDE, butanediol diglycidyl ether (1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane). Captique was never tested in randomized clinical trials, but was approved by FDA as a supplement to the Hylaform approval. 

Enzyme binder (carrier) Ethyl vinyl ether ENZYME CARRIER 1,4-Butanediol divinyl RESINS W. Germany 2,062,818 1972 Merck G.m.b.H. 

Divinyl esters reported first by us are efficient monomers for polyester production under mild reaction conditions. In the lipase PF-catalyzed polymerization of divinyl adipate and 1,4-butanediol in diisopropyl ether at 45°C, a polyester with molecular weight of 6.7 x 10 was formed, whereas adipic acid and diethyl adipate did not afford the polymeric materials under similar reaction conditions (Scheme 3). 

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