Butan diacid

Preparation 332.—Monobromosuccinic Acid [2-Bromo-butan-diacid], COOH.CH2.CHBrCOOH. C4H504Br. 197. 

Preparation 349.—Dibromosuccinic Acid [2 3-Dibromo-butan-diacid],... 

Thermoplastic copolyester elastomers are generally block copolymers produced from short-chain aUphatic diols, aromatic diacids, and polyalkjlene ether-diols. They are often called polyesterether or polyester elastomers. The most significant commercial product is the copolymer from butane-l,4-diol, dimethyl terephthalate, and polytetramethylene ether glycol [25190-06-1J, which produces a segmented block copolyesterether with the following stmcture. 

The photo-Kolbe reaction is the decarboxylation of carboxylic acids at tow voltage under irradiation at semiconductor anodes (TiO ), that are partially doped with metals, e.g. platinum [343, 344]. On semiconductor powders the dominant product is a hydrocarbon by substitution of the carboxylate group for hydrogen (Eq. 41), whereas on an n-TiOj single crystal in the oxidation of acetic acid the formation of ethane besides methane could be observed [345, 346]. Dependent on the kind of semiconductor, the adsorbed metal, and the pH of the solution the extent of alkyl coupling versus reduction to the hydrocarbon can be controlled to some extent [346]. The intermediacy of alkyl radicals has been demonstrated by ESR-spectroscopy [347], that of the alkyl anion by deuterium incorporation [344]. With vicinal diacids the mono- or bisdecarboxylation can be controlled by the light flux [348]. Adipic acid yielded butane [349] with levulinic acid the products of decarboxylation, methyl ethyl-... 

Butane to Maleic Anhydride Process, Maleic anhydride is an unsaturated diacid that is used in the manufacture of several key products.The chemistry, applications, and process technology of MAN have been described in several comprehensive reviews. 

The same research group using the lipase from Mucor miehei in diphenyl ether (11.1% w/v) studied copolymerizations of an aromatic diacid (terephthalic or isophthalic) and an aliphatic diol (1,4-butane- or 1,6-hexanediol) [50]. Even at temperatures up to 70 °C, polymerizations of these aromatic diacids were unsuccessful. However, using Novozym 435 as catalyst, polymerizations of aromatic diacids were accomplished, with yield ranging 85-93%. For example, while the Novozym 435-catalyzed reaction of isophthalic acid with butanediol yielded oligomers, a similar reaction between the C-6 diol and isopthalic acid at 70 °C yielded a polymer with = 55000. 

Diacids (succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, and sebacic acid), diols (cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and 1,4-butane-diol), and lactone (co-pentadecalactone) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. in the highest available purity and used as received m-Caprolactone, a gift from Union Carbide, was dried over calcium hydride and distilled under reduced pressure in a nitrogen atmosphere. Humicola insolens cutinase was a gift from Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Lewatit OC VOC 1600 was received as a gift from Rohm and Haas. 

A) and butane-1,4-diol (B), after 4 hours a predominant amount of hydroxy terminated oligomers BAB and B(AB)2as well as butanediol and adipic acid (insoluble) were observed. The proposed oligomerisation process pathway was that adipic acid (A) acylates the enzyme the acyl-enzyme complex is attacked by butane-1,4-diol (B) releasing AB. AB then acylates the enzyme via the acid terminus and the enzyme-AB complex is attacked by B to give BAB which does not react with the enzyme but, in due course, attacks an enzyme-AB complex to give B(AB)2. The continuation of this cycle gives B(AB) . Kobayashi and co-workers [24-26] reported the dehydration polymerisation of diacids and diols to form polyester in water with use of lipase catalysts. 

The first compound is a diacid with four carbon atoms and no substituents—thus butane dioic acid. The common name is succinic acid. 

This could be made from terephthalic acid (benzene-l,4-dicarboxylic acid) and butane 1,4-diol. Although the reaction between the diol and the diacid chloride would be more rapid, it would not be commercially viable. 

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