Bussy

Gr. beryllos, beryl also called Glucinium or Glucinum, Gr. glykys, sweet) Discovered as the oxide by Vauquelin in beryl and in emeralds in 1798. The metal was isolated in 1828 by Wohler and by Bussy independently by the action of potassium on beryllium chloride. 

In 1808, Sir Humphry Davy reported the production of Mg in the form of an amalgam by electrolytic reduction of its oxide using a Hg cathode. In 1828, the Fr scientist A. Bussy fused Mg chloride with metallic K and became the first to produce free metallic Mg. Michael Faraday, in 1833, was the first to produce free metallic Mg by electrolysis, using Mg chloride. For many years, however, the metal remained a laboratory curiosity. In 1886, manuf of Mg was undertaken on a production scale in Ger, using electrolysis of fused Mg chloride. Until 1915, Ger remained the sole producer of Mg. However, when a scarcity of Mg arose in the USA as a result of the Brit blockade of Ger in 1915, and the price of Mg soared from 1.65 to 5.00 per lb, three producers initiated operations and thus started a Mg industry in the USA. Subsequently, additional companies attempted production of Mg, but by 1920 only two producers remained — The Dow Chemical Co (one of the original three producers) and. the American Magnesium Corn. In 1927. the latter ceased production, and Dow continued to be the sole domestic producer until 1941. The source of Mg chloride was brine pumped from deep wells. In 1941, Dow put a plant into operation at Freeport, Texas, obtaining Mg chloride from sea-... 

Leininger, L.J. "The Jacobean bind a study of "The Tempest", "The Revenge of Bussy d Ambois", "The atheist s tragedy", "A king and no king", and "The Alchemist", the major plays of 1610-1611, in the context of Renaissance expansion and Jacobean absolutism." PdD thesis, Univ of Massachusetts, 1975. 

Antoine-Alexandre-Brutus Bussy (1794-1882) obtained the metal by the reaction of magnesium chloride with potassium. 

Jackson, A., Oxygen Steelmaking for Steelmakers, Newnes-Butterworths, London, 1969, 165. Boltz, C. E., Materials Technology, Vol. 3, Longman, London, and J. H. de Bussy, Amsterdam, 1970, Chap. 3. 

Although many commercial processes have heen developed since the first electrolytic isolation of Mg metal hy Davy and Faraday, and Bussy, hy chemical reduction, the principles of the manufacturing processes have not changed. At present, the metal is most commonly manufactured by electrolytic reduction of molten magnesium chloride, in which chlorine is produced as a by-product. In chemical reduction processes, the metal is obtained by reduction of magnesium oxide, hydroxide, or chloride at elevated temperatures. 

Joseph Black recognized Mg as an element, and in 1808, Humphry Davy electrolytically made Mg amalgam. The metal was isolated by Antoine Bussy in 1828 by reduction of MgCl2 with K. 

The quantity of metal which Davy prepared was very small, and it was not until 1831 that it was first prepared in a coherent form. This was done by the French chemist, Antoine-Alexandre-Brutus Bussy, who was bom at Marseilles on May 29, 1794. He studied at the Ecole Polytechnique for a time, but his interest in chemistry soon led him to abandon his military career and to become apprenticed to a pharmacist. After studying pharmacy at Lyons and at Paris he became a pupil of P.-J. Robiquet, who was then a pr parateur in chemistry at the Ecole de... 

Pharmacie. Bussy graduated in pharmacy in 1823 and received his medical degree in 1832. 

Antoine-Alexandre-Brutus Bussy, 1794— 1882. French chemist, pharmacist, and physician. Professor of chemistry at the Ecole de Pharmacie in Paris. He was connected with this school for more than fifty years, and for nearly thirty years he served as its director. In 1831 he obtained magnesium in coherent form. 

For several years Bussy taught pharmacology in the medical school at the Ecole de Pharmacie, and in 1856 he served as president of the Academy of Medicine. For fifty-six years he served on the editorial staff of the Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie. He died at Paris on February 1, 1882, at the age of eighty-seven years (22). 

When the Abbe Hauy pointed out the close similarity and probable identity of beryl and the emerald, Vauquelin analyzed them carefully, and found in 1798 that they are indeed identical, and that they contain a new earth, which he named glucina, but which is now known as beryllia The metal was isolated thirty years later by Wohler and Bussy independently. Boron was isolated in 1808 by Gay-Lussac and Thenard in France and by Davy in England by reduction of boric acid with potassium. Although amorphous silicon was prepared by Berzelius in 1824, the crystalline form of it was not obtained until about thirty years later, when Henri Sainte-Clarie DeviUe prepared it by an electrolytic method Aluminum was isolated in 1825 by the Danish physicist, Oersted, and two years later Wohler prepared it by a better method. Successful commercial processes for the manufacture of this important metal were perfected by Henri Sainte-Claiie Deville, by Charles Martin Hall, and by Dr. Paul L. T. Heroult. 

Metallic beryllium was first prepared m August, 1828, by F. Wohler and A.-A.-B. Bussy independently by the action of potassium on beryllium chloride (7, 8). Wohler placed alternate layers of the chloride and flattened pieces of potassium in a platinum crucible, wired the cover on strongly, and heated the mixture with an alcohol lamp. The reaction began immediately and took place with such intensity that the crucible became white-hot. After cooling it thoroughly, he opened it and placed... 

Nearly a century after Wohler and Bussy liberated beryllium, Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt devised the first commercial process, in which a mixture of the fluorides of beryllium and barium is electrolyzed. The molten beryllium separates out at the water-cooled iron cathode (24). 

Birth of A.-A.-B. Bussy at Marseilles. He obtained magnesium in coherent form. 

Wohler isolates beryllium. Bussy isolates it independently. 

Bussy obtains magnesium in compact form. (Davy had isolated it in 1808.)... 

If yes, please specify If many elements have to be considered, this factor cannot be correct for some of the parts, but during the implementation time user and supplier would adapt the price or bussiness index. ... 

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