Bunsen, Heidelberg Professor

In 1852 Bunsen became professor of chemistry at the University of Heidelberg. In 1854 a gas works was set up in the city and, realizing how useful gas burners would be in his work, Bunsen had gas piped into his laboratory. When none of the burners he tried was satisfactory, he devised his own. Called the Bunsen burner, it is still seen in all chemical laboratories today. The Bunsen burner produced a steady colorless flame, and the intensity of the flame could be adjusted. It... 

Smithells was a significant chemist of the period, having studied with Bunsen at Heidelberg, served as professor of Chemistry at Yorkshire College (which became the University of Leeds in 1904) since 1885, and enjoyed membership in the Royal Society since 1901 (he was to serve as vice president of the Royal Society in 1916). He had even served as president of the prestigious Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society from 1902 to 1904. His personal account reveals what the official records of the Chemical Society cannot—the intensity of the emotions felt by the chemists around the issue of... 

Early in his life he left his children such a large inheritance that his son Karl was able to pursue his studies of chemistry in 1878 in Vienna with Professor lAjeSaen and in 1880 with Bunsen in Heidelberg without material worries. In the laboratory of Bunsen he was first introduced into the chemistry of the rare earth elements. Uhtil his death in 1929 he remained true to this field of work. The intensive involvement in spectroscopy with Bunsen also made him familiar with the problems of radiant li t v ch without doiibt was important for his later invention of Auer-Li t and with that the use of the rare earth elements. Further, he had an insight into the work of winning the rare earth metals from their salts through Bunsen, Hill rand and Norton A)o succeeded for the first time in 1875 to produce rare ecu h metals by electrolysis vhich later was further developed in Munich by Muthmann. Ihe concepts "pyrophor" and "pyrophoricity" originate from Auer von Welsbach. 

German physicist and physical chemist. Professor of physics at Heidelberg and Berlin. Independent discoverer of the Kirchhoff-Stewart law of radiation and absorption. He explained the Fraunhofer lines of the solar spectrum, and, with Bunsen, founded the science of spectroscopic analysis and discovered the elements cesium and rubidium. 

While in Karlsmhe, one can visit the building where Meyer worked at the Polytechnicum (now part of Karlsmhe Universitat), but there are no memorials to him there. Karlsmhe is one of three cities in southwestern Germany where Meyer lived and worked. As mentioned above, he worked with Bunsen in Heidelberg. Tubingen is the third city. Meyer spent the last 20 years of his life as professor at its university, and he died there in 1895. The university now has a geology building named in his honor. 

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) first formulated and published the laws named after him for electrical networks when he was still a student at university in Konigsberg. In 1850 he was nominated professor in Breslau and in 1854 he became a professor in Heidelberg. It was here that he worked with R. Bunsen for over 10 years and carried out investigations into the emission and absorption of radiation. Their results became known as Kirchhoff s radiation laws and as Bunsen-Kirchhoff spectral analysis. In 1875 he became Professor of Theoretical Physics of the University of Berlin. Alongside his teacher F. Neumann, Kirchhoff was a founder of mathematical (theoretical) physics in Germany. 

Curtius, T. Ber. 1890, 23, 3033-3041. Theodor Curtins (1857-1928) was bom in Duisburg, Germany. He studied music before switching to chemistry under Bunsen, Kolbe, and von Baeyer before succeeding Victor Meyer as a Professor of Chemistry at Heidelberg. He discovered diazoacetic ester, hydrazine, pyrazoline derivatives, and many nitrogen-heterocycles. Curtius also sang in concerts and composed music. 

The Radical Theory, based on the views of Lavoisier and Berzelius, and extended by Liebig, was supported by the classical researches of Bunsen on the cacodyl radical. Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (Gottingen, 31 March 1811-Heidelberg, 16 August 1899), the son of a professor of modern languages and... 

Hans Heinrich Landolt (Zurich, 5 December 1831-Berlin, 15 March 1910), of a distinguished Swiss family, lost his parents early in life. He studied in Zurich under Lowig, whom he followed to Breslau, working on arsenic ethyl (1853, see p. 510), then in Berlin under Mitscherlich and H. Rose, then in Heidelberg under Bunsen. He was assistant in Zurich and Breslau, privat-docent in Breslau (1856), associate professor (1858) and professor (1867) in Bonn, professor in Aachen (1869), the Agricultural Institute in Berlin (1880), and finally (1891) Rammelsberg s successor in the Second Chemical Laboratory in Berlin. His most important work was in physical chemistry. 

Sir) Henry Enfield Roscoe (London, 7 January 1833-Leatherhead, Surrey, 18 December 1915), who came of a famous Liverpool family, was first educated there, then studied at University College, London, under Graham and Williamson (1848-53), and then with Bunsen in Heidelberg on the photochemical union of hydrogen and chlorine (from 1855, see p, 721). He succeeded E. Frankland as professor in Owens College, Manchester (later the University of Manchester) in 1857, private laboratory in... 

Bohuslav Brauner (Prag 8 May 1855-15 February 1935) was the son of a lawyer and leader of the Czech party. His maternal grandfather, K, A. Neumann, was professor of chemistry in the Polytechnic there and a nephew of Caspar Neumann (see Vol. II, p. 702). After study at Prag, Brauner worked at Heidelberg with Bunsen, and then Manchester with Roscoe (1880-2). The inspiration in Brauner s work was the periodic law, with which he became acquainted on reading Mendeleeff s paper in Liebig s Annalen of 1871. In an obituary of Mendeleeff (1907) Brauner said... 

Perhaps the older brothers and sisters had to take care of each other. Their mother was determined to give young Dimitrij the opportunity to study science, and she tried, without success, to get him approved as a student at the University of Moscow. She traveled with him further to St Petersbmg. There he was given the opportunity to study mathematics, physics and chemistry and was so successfirl that he was offered the chance to travel in Europe to further improve his knowledge. In Heidelberg he learned spectroscopy from Bunsen and Kirchhoff At the age of 32, in 1866, he was appointed professor of chemistry at the University of St Petersburg. He wrote a book Principles of Chemistry and founded the Russian Chemical Society in 1868. Above all, however, he is remembered for The Periodic System of the Elements. 

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