Bullets ballistics

Ballistic Strength. 100% T NT (BuM ine s) Explosion Temperature. Does not expld or ignite at 360° or below Heat of Combustion. 8l8.1kcal/mole Hygroscopicity. Practically none Impact Sensitivity. Comparable to TNT Power. By Trauzl test, 103% TNT Rifle Bullet Test. No detonations from impact of. 30 cal bullet at 90 ft Thermal Stability. Unsatisfactory, loses 49% of wt in 48 hrs at 75° (International Test) Velocity of Detonation. No information Salts of (m-Nitrophenyll-dinitromethane. Milone and Massa (Ref 2) prepd several metallic salts and found that their expl power decreased with increasing atomic v/t of the metal Following are some of the expl salts K salt—yel crysts ... 

Power. Ballistic Mortar, 9996 TNT Pressure. Max theoretical when exp Id adiabati-cally at Cv, 8956kg/cm2 at d 1.5g/cc and 9553 kg/cm2 at 1.6g/cc. These are 113% of the corresponding values for TNT Rifle Bullet Sensitivity. 10 trials, 7 unaffected, 3 partly burned... 

CNTs conduct electricity ballistically (implying a bullet-like trajectory) and as a result do not create resistive heating when they conduct electricity (Frank et ah, 1999)... 

Lead Block and Copper Cylinder Compression Tests (113-15) Ballistic Pendulum Test (115-16) Fragmentation Test (Geschoss-Splitter Probe (118) Impact Test by Falling Weight (118-20) Deflagration Point (Verpuf-fungstemperatur) (120) Friction Test (120-21) Rifle Bullet Test (Beschussprobe) (121)... 

Power by Trauzl Test (142-45), by Compression Test (Ensayo por recalcado) (145-46) and by Ballistic. Pendulum (146) Fragmentation Test (148-49) Impact Test (Ensayo con un pilon) (150-53) Temperature of Deflagration (153) Friction Test (Ensayo de rozamiento) (153-54) Rifle Bullet Test (Ensayo de impacto) (154)... 

The 70/30 mixt had Expln Temp 237-46° Brisance by Sand Test 102% TNT Power by Ballistic Mortar 109% TNT Rifle Bullet Test 20% detonations and Impact Sensitivity by PicArsn Test 12.5 inches (TNT 14). It was reported to be toxic, not very stable, and reactive with metals in the presence of moisture. Used pressed by Army and Navy as an Auxiliary Booster in some Bombs and Shells (Ref 1, pp 31 32 and Ref 5, p 365)... 

When wet Stainless steels are unaffected Al si affected Cu, brass, Mg, Mg-Al alloy, mild steels are considerably affected Power by Ballistic Mortar Test — 119% TNT Power by Trauzl Test — 120% TNT Rifle Bullet Impact Test — Burned 7%, Unaffected 93%... 

W() Kirk Othmer, Vol 8(1952), pp 654-57 (Section on Testing Exolosives which includes Impact Tests, Explosion Temperature Tests, Sensitivity to Initiation, Pendulum Friction Test, Rifle Bullet Test, Sand Test, Rate of Detonation Determination, Ballistic Pendulum Test, Trauzl Lead Block Test,... 

Impact Sensitivity by Brucetofl No 3 Apparatus, 50% positive in brass cups with 5kg weight at 90cm drop, vs 50cm for RDX Power by Ballistic. Mortar Test, 127% TNT Power by Trauzl Lead Block Test, 129% TNT Rate of Detonation. See Detonation Velocity Rifle Bullet Test. In 7 trials conducted in Canada with charges placed in steel pipe nipples — 5 passed, 1 detonated and 1 partially detonated... 

The degree of twist in a modem rifle is generally just about the minimum that will produce stability in a bullet passing thru an atmosphere of a density corresponding to a temperature of zero degrees centigrade. This is to ensure that entry into a denser medium — i.e. the target — will produce complete instability, which is a desired criterion for wound baLlistics... 

The advent of smokeless propints required the coating of the lead bullet, nor-mally with a Cu-Ni alloy. With repeated firings some of this alloy builds up inside the gun barrel, trapping acidic residues from the proplht and primer. The result is severe corrosion of the barrel and interference with the ballistics of the bullets from increased friction. Preventive measures involved the incorporation of various metal scavengers into the propelnc as exemplified in Refs ... 

Properties of Gelignite ate Ballistic Strength — comparable to TNT Brisance by Sand Test — ca 35 g sand crushed vs 43 g for TNT Detonation Rate 6000m/sec vs 6900 for TNT Friction and Impact Sensitivity - very sensitive Rifle Bullet Sensitivity — detonate from impact of cal, 30 bullet fired from 90 ft. 

Abel Powder or Picric Powder. A mixt for priming PA(picric acid) invented in 1869 by Sir F. A. Abel Amm pi crate 40 K nitrate 60% (Ref 1). French used a similar compn called Brugere(poudre). In Ref 2, the compn of picric powder is given as Amm picrate 43 A K nitrate 57% vel solid.dec without melting brisance — less than TNT ballistic strength ca 75% TNT deton rate ca 3500 m/s vs 6900 for TNT sensitivity to impact, rifle bullet and initiation — comparable to tetryl stability and compatibility with metals — comp arable to Amm picrate. Was used during WWII by the British as a booster in AP projectiles filled with Sbellite(qv)... 

Wound ballistics is the study of the effects of projectiles in the human body. It is therefore basic to the understanding of the wounding effects of both bullets and fragments, which between them cause over 90% of combat casualties in conventional warfare (Ref 1)... 

As a precursor to this discussion, the definition of certain terms used becomes obligatory Ballistic Shape. For small arms ammo, three general bullet shapes apply. Bullets with round noses (which, except for pistol or sub-machine gun ammo, are virtually obsolete), bullets with pointed noses and flat bases, and bullets with painted noses and streamlined or boat-tailed... 

In recent years, bullet design has been concerned not only with exterior ballistics and accuracy, but wound effect. Designers, for the first time, have had at their disposal the benefit of specific research into wound ballistics. Some of the solutions offered are shown below, often in conjunction with the weapon solutions already referred to... 

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