Buffers, blood definition

Water soluble protein with a relative molecular mass of ca. 32600, which particularly contains copper and zinc bound like chelate (ca. 4 gram atoms) and has superoxide-dismutase-activity. It is isolated from bovine liver or from hemolyzed, plasma free erythrocytes obtained from bovine blood. Purification by manyfold fractionated precipitation and solvolyse methods and definitive separation of the residual foreign proteins by denaturizing heating of the orgotein concentrate in buffer solution to ca. 65-70 C and gel filtration and/or dialysis. 

No studies on body burden reduction methods were located. The state of definitive knowledge of white phosphorus metabolism is too limited to permit extensive speculation on methods for reducing body burden. However, it is possible that increasing selective excretion of phosphate may increase the rate of inorganic conversion of white phosphorus to phosphate (this conversion is described in detail in Section 2.3). Since phosphate is a naturally occurring component of the blood s buffering system, this would effectively deactivate the phosphorus. No methods for selectively increasing phosphate excretion were located. 

Clearly studies of single proteins and of mixtures in buffer solutions provide useful information as is evident from the above discussion. However, only studies using blood or plasma can give definitive answers regarding blood material interactions. Accordingly much of our research over the past several years has been devoted to studies of protein adsorption from plasma or blood. 

One characteristic of many (but not all) saponins is their capacity to rupture erythrocytes (red blood corpuscles). By measuring the change in absorbance of the supernatant of an erythrocyte suspension after hemolysis, the saponin content can be calculated. Various amounts of the saponin-containing product or extract are mixed with a suspension of washed erythrocytes in isotonic buffer at pH 7.4. After 24 h, the mixture is centrifuged and hemolysis is indicated by the presence of hemoglobin (red) in the supernatant. In the European Pharmacopoeia, the quantity in milliliters of ox blood (diluted 1 50) that is totally hydrolysed by 1 g of test substance is measured. As a standard, the saponin mixture from the roots of Gypsophila paniculata (Caryophyllaceae) has by definition an activity of 30 000 units. 

---