Brushes charged

Using a self-consistent field theory, Misra et al. [10] examined the effect of the brush charge, electrolyte concentration, and surface charge density on the brush thickness. They extended the self-consistent field polymer brush theory suggested by Milner et al. [11] to the case of a polyelectrolyte brush. The theory involves a parabolic monomer concentration profile rather than the step-function suggested by Alexander [12] and de Gennes [13,14], The repulsion force... 

Thus charge accumulates on the brush with a time constant of R(C, exhibiting the role of the effective toner resistivity in controlling the transient toner brush charging. At first blush this simple analysis appears to preclude the use of highly resistive toners in monocomponent development, however this judgement ignores the kinetic induced conductivity in the next section, the static bulk resistivity of two commercially available Hitachi toners are displayed. These toners are representative of a conductive and of a resistive type of toner used in monocomponent copiers. 

Polonium can be mixed or alloyed with beryllium to provide a source of neutrons. The element has been used in devices for eliminating static charges in textile mills, etc. however, beta sources are both more commonly used and less dangerous. It is also used on brushes for removing dust from photographic films. The polonium for these is carefully sealed and controlled, minimizing hazards to the user. 

Brush discharge A nonuniform electric field between a charged dielectric and a conductor that has a moderate radius of curvature MIE <3 ml... 

Propagating brush discharge Very high charging of nonconductive material, preferably in contact with a conductive surface MIE < 101... 

PLATE 2. Positive brush discharge from negatively charged plastic to grounded sphere. 

PLATE 5. Propagating brush discharge (PBD) on charged layer initiated by grounded electrode. 

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