Brinker

C. J. Brinker and G. W. Scherer, Sol-Gel Science The Phjsics and Chemishy of Sol-GelProcessing, Academic Press, New York, 1990. 

Brinker, C.J. and Scherer, G.W. Sol-Gel Science The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing, Academic Press California, 1990. 

Neumann-Haefelin C, Brinker G, Uhlenkuken U, Pillekamp F, Hossmann KA, Hocehn M. Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic therapy of clot embolism an MRI investigation in rat brain. Stroke 2002 33 1392-1398. 

Brinker CJ, Scherer GW (1990) Sol-Gel Science. Academic Press, Boston... 

Brinker F. Variations in effective botanical products the case for diversity of forms for herbal preparations as supported by scientific studies. HerbalGram 46 36-50, 1999. 

Part of this symposium was directed to the synthesis, properties and applications of inorganic and organometallic macromolecules with network structures. The section on organo-oxo macromolecules relevant to sol-gel processing addresses the interesting synthesis and challenging characterization efforts in this area. Brinker (p. 314) outlines the complex chemical and physical factors which affect network formation and structure resulting from the hydrolysis of a tetraalkoxysilane. 

Both xerogels and aerogels are characteristically high surface area materials (surface areas normally exceed 500 m2/g). Unlike wet gels, many uses exist for dried gels due to their high surface areas and small pore sizes (typically, < 20 nm diameters). Examples include catalyst supports (12.). ultrafiltration media (18), antireflective coatings (19-20), and ultra-low dielectric constant films. (Lenahan, P. M. and Brinker, C. J., unpublished results.)... 

In situ SAXS investigations of a variety of sol-gel-derived silicates are consistent with the above predictions. For example, silicate species formed by hydrolysis of TEOS at pH 11.5 and H20/Si = 12, conditions in which we expect monomers to be continually produced by dissolution, are dense, uniform particles with well defined interfaces as determined in SAXS experiments by the Porod slope of -4 (non-fractal) (Brinker, C. J., Hurd, A. J. and Ward, K. D., in press). By comparison, silicate polymers formed by hydrolysis at pH 2 and H20/Si = 5, conditions in which we expect reaction-limited cluster-cluster aggregation with an absence of monomer due to the hydrolytic stability of siloxane bonds, are fractal structures characterized by D - 1.9 (Porod slope — -1.9) (29-30). 

Figure 8 shows the 9si MASS and H cross polarization (CP MASS) spectra obtained on heated samples and 29Si MASS spectra collected after exposure of the 600 and 1100°C samples to water vapor. (Brinker, C. J., Kirkpatrick, R. J., Tallant, D. R., Bunker, B. C. and Montez, B., submitted.) The three prominent peaks at chemical shifts (6) of about -91, -101, and -110 ppm correspond to Q2, Q3, and Q4 silicon sites, respectively (44). The relative intensities of these peaks in the MASS spectra are proportional to the relative concentrations of the different silicon species. The positions of these peaks in both the MASS and CP MASS spectra are correlated with the average Si-O-Si bond angle, ij>, for bridging oxygens bound to the... 

Better Ceramics Through Chemistry. Brinker, C. J., Clark, D. E. and Ulrich, D. R., Eds. Elsevier - North Holland Amsterdam, 1984. 

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