Briggs formulae

Hence, the extension of the Meyerhof-Demkov formula (32) to the Briggs formula (38) may be regarded as being put forward through the replacement of the incident velocity v by the radial velocity Vr. 

The alkaloid has undergone changes in empirical formula, and that now given is provided by Briggs, Newbold and Stace, after a further investigation and a critical review of published work on this subject. 

Solasodine (solanidine-s), C27H43O2N. H2O. This formula was first used by Rochelmeyer (1939) and was confirmed by Briggs, Newbold and Stace. The alkaloid results from the acid hydrolysis, usually in... 

For a range of typical meteorological conditions this formulation results in diffusivities of 0(50-100 m sec" ). Some typical results (given in Table VIII) are in quite close agreement with field measurements and the formulas recommended by Briggs (1974) for city conditions. In the above model, Kyy varies as a function of the surface conditions at different spatial locations but is assumed to be invariant with height. 

Samuel Henry Clifford Briggs (1880-1935) devised formulas for coordination compounds that he claimed fulfilled the conditions required by experimental data and that indicated the manner in which the affinities of the atoms are disposed in the molecule.90 He did not claim to be proposing a new- theory of valency like Werner, he believed that a totally comprehensive and satisfactory... 

In the third paper of the series, concerned with the formation of -(copper thiolthiocarbonyl) derivatives of polysaccharides, Lieser and Hackl reviewed the few earlier studies on polysaccharides other than cellulose. They claimed that the starch xanthates obtained by Cross, Sevan, and Briggs and by Ost and his colleagues had been given incorrect formulas,... 

In 1908, the Enghsh chemist Samuel Henry Clifford Briggs (1880 1935) proposed formulas for complexes that he claimed agreed with experimental data and showed how the afiSnities of the atoms are disposed in the molecule. He did not claim to be proposing a new theory of valence. Like Werner, he thought that a totally comprehensive and satisfactory theory of valence will not be possible until we have a much more complete knowledge of the constitution of molecular compounds, and also of the nature of chemical affinity, than we possess today . He later (1917) reinterpreted his formulas in terms of the electronic theory of valence, differentiated between what he called primary and secondary affinity (similar to Werner s primary and secondary valences), and proposed three different types of chemical combinations. 

As an alternative to estimating empirical equations. Seinfeld (1986) presents equations that are equivalent to the Pasquill-Gifford curves, as well as several other empirical models. An example of an empirical model presented as a set of formulae is that recommended by Briggs (Gifford, 1976), shown in Table 4-7. 

Maity formulas have been devised to relate the chimney and the meteorological parameters to the plume rise. The most commonly used model, due to Briggs, will be discussed in a later section. The plume rise that is calculated from the model is added to the actual height of the chinmey and is termed the effective source height. It is this height that is used in the concentration prediction model. 

Because calculators and computers are in widespread use, an analytical formula is possible and most desirable. Briggs has made use of several sets of experimental curves and theoretical concepts regarding asymptotic hmits to produce the formulas in Table VII. 

Extension of Demkov s model to nonzero impact parameters has been performed by Briggs using an approximate solution of the coupled equations. It is found that the convenient formula (32) retains its validity for nonzero impact parameter b provided the exponent is modified. The result is... 

Many researchers have studied plume rise over the years. The most common plume rise formulas are those developed by Gary A. Briggs, which have been extensively validated with stack plume observations (USEPA, 2005). A formula for buoyancy-dominated plumes is shown in Equation 9.1. Plume rise formulas can be used on plumes with temperatures greater than the ambient air temperature. The Briggs plume rise formula is as follows ... 

Finally, Briggs determined the formula for Kc from a least square fit of Romisch s limited set of discrete data points in Table 26.2 with an = 0.97. It gives the same results as the other formulas for Kc ... 

Since most releases are in the form of a jet rather than a plume, it is important to assess the effects of initial momentum and air entrainment on the behavior of a jet. Near its release point where the jet velocity differs gready from the wind velocity, a jet entrains ambient air due to shear (velocity difference), grows in size, and becomes diluted. For a simple jet (neutral buoyancy), its upward momentum remains constant while its mass increases. Therrfore, if vertically released, the drag forces increase as the surface area increases and eventually horizontal momentum dominates. The result is that the jet becomes bent over at a certain distance and is dominated by the wind momentum. If the jet has positive buoyancy (buoyant jet), the upward momentum will increase and the initial momentum will become negligible compared to the momentum gained due to the buoyancy. Then, the jet will behave like a plume. The rises of simple or buoyant jets, collectively called plume rises, have been smdied by many researchers and their formulas can be found in Briggs (1975, 1984) or most reviews on atmospheric diffusion (including Hanna et al., 1982). 

Briggs M.J. 2011. Sensitivity of PIANC ship squat formulas in unrestricted channels. On Course PIANC E-MagazinelAo. 142, January 2011 13-24. 

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