Bridging Instability

Bridging instability Electrohydrodynamic instability Rayleigh instabihty Rosensweig instability... 

Curran K, Colin S, Baidas L, Davies M (2005) Liquid bridge instability applied to microfluidics. Microfluid Nanofluid 1 336-345... 

The self-excited loads are the portion of aerodynamic loads which are responsible for the instability of the bridge deck. A number of different aerodynamic phenomena, such as flutter, vortex-shedding, torsional divergence, etc., may play a role in the bridge instability. However, only the instability problem caused by flutter, which is considered to be most critical for long-span bridges, is considered herein. 

Since the drop volume method involves creation of surface, it is frequently used as a dynamic technique to study adsorption processes occurring over intervals of seconds to minutes. A commercial instrument delivers computer-controlled drops over intervals from 0.5 sec to several hours [38, 39]. Accurate determination of the surface tension is limited to drop times of a second or greater due to hydrodynamic instabilities on the liquid bridge between the detaching and residing drops [40],... 

Operation of cells at higher temperatures such as 80°C, as in membrane fuel cells, is not encouraged here because of the corrosion instability of the hardware, manufactured from titanium or titanium alloy. Even without such constraints, however, this high temperature would be unwelcome as the water produced is present as steam - without the conductive bridge of the liquid phase it would be necessary to bond the catalytic particles to the membrane with all the associated problems of technology and cost. 

The instability of [10] annulene is caused by steric factors, as demonstrated by E. Vogel when he synthesized bridged [10]- and [14]annulenes with naph-thalenic and anthracenic peripheries, respectively,34 and by V. Boekelheide with bis- or tris-bridged [14]-annulenes with a pyrenic periphery.35... 

The r process can form a bridge between lead and the actinides above the nuclear instability zone. It is thus responsible for the production of long-lived actinides such as thorium-232, uranium-235, uranium-238 and plutoiuum-244 which are used to estimate the age of the Earth and the Galaxy. 

Onak s CB5H7 (III-C4) 101) is under investigation by Beaudet 3), who has determined that the lone 666-bridge hydrogen is almost certainly above a triangular face. This undesirable situation (a violation of rule 2p) probably accounts for its instability, i.e., in the presence of a Lewis base (proton acceptor) the related closo-anion CBsHe" is produced 116). More recently, R. R. Rietz has reported (private communication, 1974) a second closo-carborane, CBgHg. 

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