Bridge tooling

Bridge tooling Direct tooling Indirect tooling Prototype tooling... 

Tool making by RP processes and materials is called Bridge Tooling if the tools can be used to make final products but with limited features like reduced production volume, lower quality, or even similar but different material. The cons are balanced by the pros like reduced cycle time and costs. The name is based on the idea to bridge the gap between prototype tools and series tools. 

Direct or indirect RT methods for producing molds that enable the production of end products, but sacrifice part quality and particularly the output quantity, are referred to as bridge tooling. This is based on the idea to bridge the gap between... 

The gap between laboratory wear testing and industrial appHcation trials is extremely difficult to bridge, since there is often Httie or no control over testing in the industrial environment. Despite these limitations, several examples of industrial successes involving ion implanted tools have been reported and blind tests of nitrogen-implanted machine tools have been performed, including tool taps, dies, punches, and TiN coated WC cutting inserts (106). 

Students ability to connect observations at the macroscopic level with their descriptions using the submicro and symbolic types of representation improved as a consequence of the LON teaching approach. Teachers attributed the improvement to the consistent use of all three types of representation and to the use of visible models as a tool for bridging the gap between macroscopic observations and symbolic notations of chemical equations. 

Within the NEXUS activity, aimed at strengthening the interaction of European industry and institutes in microsystems technology, user-supplier clubs (USC) are formed as one means for joint developments (for the USC for CAD tools see [240] for the MikroWebFab see [245]). This should serve to promote the industrial uptake, by bridging the gap also to new potential users. 

To bridge the gap between the descriptive but imprecise language that we use in conversation and the more quantitative tools that are used in science, a computational method is required that can analyze and make deductions from imprecise statements and uncertain or fuzzy data. Fuzzy logic is this tool. 

Without these advances in hard, strong materials based on abundant, and therefore low-cost iron ore, there could have been no industrial revolution in the nineteenth century. Long bridges, sky-scraper buildings, steamships, railways, and more, needed pearlitic steel (low carbon) for their construction. Efficient steam engines, internal combustion engines, turbines, locomotives, various kinds of machine tools, and the like, became effective only when key components of them could be constructed of martensitic steels (medium carbon). 

The special feature of the spin crossover process in all bpym-bridged dinuclear compounds studied so far is the occurrence of a plateau in the spin transition curve. A reasonable assumption to account for this observation is that a thermal spin transition takes place successively in the two metal centres. However, it cannot be excluded that spin transition takes place simultaneously in the dinuclear units leading directly from [HS—HS] pairs to [LS-LS] pairs with decreasing temperature. Therefore, two possible conversion pathways for [HS—HS] pairs with decreasing temperature may be proposed [HS—HS]<->[HS—LS]<->[LS—LS] or [HS-HS] [LS-LS]. The differentiation of the existence of the [LS—LS], [HS—LS], and [HS—HS] spin pairs is not trivial and has recently been solved experimentally by utilisation of magnetisation versus magnetic field measurements as a macroscopic tool [9], and by Mossbauer spectroscopy in an applied magnetic field as a microscopic tool [11]. 

The structure of the 2-norbornyl cation has been a focal point of controversy in physical organic chemistry. Experimental NMR spectroscopy and computational methods have been the decisive tools, favoring the hypercoordinated symmetric bridged structure 30, a protonated nortricyclane.79 The tricoordinated 2-norbornyl cation 31 is not a local minimum (MP2/6-31G(d)) on the energy surface.80... 

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