Breast Pathology

May produce a palpable mass or nodularity Most Common Causes Of 

Most often involves the upper outer quadrant Breast Lumps 

Fibrosis Cysts (blue-domed) Apocrine metaplasia Microcalcifications Ductal hyperplasia +/- Atypia Sclerosing adenosis Small duct papillomas 

No increase Fibrosis, cysts, apocrine metaplasia, adenosis 

Cydic pain and engorgement No cyclic pain or engorgement 

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Furthermore, much interest has evolved regarding the role of K5/K14 in breast pathology in several aspects, especially in the classification of benign proliferative lesions and ductal and obular in situ neoplasia (Otterbach et al. 2000). A typical example of a benign epithelial proliferation is shown in Fig. 13.7. 

Prof. Dr. Werner Bocker Consultation and Reference Center for Gyneco and Breast Pathology Fangdieckstrasse 75a 22547 Hamburg Germany... 

Bankfalvi, A., Ofner, D., Schmid, K. W., Schmitz, K. J., Breukelmann, D., Krech, R., and Bocker, W. 1999. Standardized in situ AgNOR analysis in breast pathology Diagnostic and cell kinetic implications. Pathol. Res. Pract. 195 219-229. 

Elsa Berenstein Receptors and Signal Transduction Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Gary L. Bratthauer Department of Gynecologic and Breast Pathology,... 

Breast pathology has a profound symbolic meaning for every woman. Fear of breast cancer and its consequences, regularly fed by the media, induces a particularly critical emotional context within the framework of the interventional procedures available to the breast specialist. Local anesthesia and premedication sedation are sometimes necessary, but usually it is the patient s psychological state that will determine the degree of tolerance of the examination. 

The pathologic evaluation of breast lesions serves to establish the histologic diagnosis and to confirm the presence or absence of other factors believed to influence prognosis. These prognostic factors include the presence of necrosis, lymphatic or vascular invasion, nuclear grade, hormone receptor status, proliferative index, amount of aneuploidy, and HER-2/neu expression. 

Inability to attain negative pathologic margins on the excised breast specimen... 

Umemura, S., Sekido, Y., Itoh, H., and Osamura, RY. 2002. Pathological evaluation of HER2 overexpression for the treatment of metastatic breast cancers by humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (trastuzumab). Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica, Kyoto 35(2), 77-81. 

The pathologic evaluation of breast lesions establishes the histologic diagnosis and presence or absence of prognostic factors. 

The goal of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer is cure. Complete pathologic response, determined at the time of surgery, is the desired end point. 

Lactation is a basic period in mammalian reproduction, and the breast, its function, and pathology have a very important place in medicine and society. In developed countries breast cancer is the most important issue, far more important than nonlactational galactorrhea it is frequently related to infertility or unsuccessful breastfeeding and is a major health concern among women. 

Wellings SR, Jensen HM, Marcum RG (1975) An atlas of subgross pathology of 16 human breasts with special reference to possible precancerous lesions. J Natl Cancer Inst 55 231-275... 

Fotiou S, Tserkezoglou A, Hadjieleftheriou G, Apostolikas N, Karydas I, Stravolemos K (1998) Tamoxifen associated uterine pathology in breast cancer patients with abnormal bleeding. Anticancer Res 18 625-629... 

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