Breast cancer receptor analysis

Collins LC, Botero ML, Schnitt SJ. Bimodal frequency distribution of estrogen receptor immunohistochemical staining results in breast cancer an analysis of 825 cases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2005 123 16-20... 

Another type of fluorescent steroid was used as a probe for the estrogen receptor. This receptcn- plays a role in the growth of hormone-responsive breast cancers, and analysis of receptor levels is an important aspect in the treatment of breast cancer. Estradiol is not fluorescent, so it cannot be... 

Riera J, Simpson JF, Tamayo R, et al. Use of cultured cells as a control for quantitative immunocytochemical analysis of estrogen receptor in breast cancer. The Quicgel method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1999 111 329-335. 

Chung GG, Zerkowski MP, Ghosh S, et al. Quantitative analysis of estrogen receptor heterogeneity in breast cancer. Lab. Invest. 2007 87 662-669. 

Scatchard analysis is very useful in certain therapeutic situations. For example, this type of analysis is used to determine the number of estrogen receptors present in a biopsy of breast tissue prior to developing a drug treatment regimen for breast cancer in a patient. 

Of 8028 postmenopausal women with receptor-positive early breast cancer who were randomly assigned doubleblind to letrozole, tamoxifen, or a sequence of these agents for 5 years, 7963 were included in an analysis of cardiovascular events over a median follow-up time of 30 months (8). There was a similar overall incidence of cardiac adverse events (letrozole 4.8% tamoxifen4.7%), but more grade 3-5 events with letrozole (2.4% versus 1.4%), an excess that was only partly attributable to prior hypercholesterolemia. There were more thromboembolic events with tamoxifen (3.9% versus 1.7% overall and 2.3% versus 0.9% for grade 3-5 events). There were no significant differences between tamoxifen and letrozole in the incidence of hypertension or cerebrovascular events. 

Esteban, J. M., Ahn, C., Mehta, P., and Battifora, P. 1994b. Biologic significance of quantitative estrogen receptor immunohistochemical assay by image analysis in breast cancer. Am. J. Pathol. 102 158c. 

Kohlberger, P. D., Breitenecker, F., Kaider, A., Losch, A., Gitsch, G., Breitenecker, G., and Kieback, D. G. 1999. Modified true-color computer-assisted image analysis versus subjective scoring of estrogen receptor expression in breast cancer a comparison. Anticancer Res. 19 2189-2194. 

Lehr, H. A., Mankoff, D. A., Corwin, D., Santeusanio, G., and Gown, A. M. 1997. Application of photoshop-based image analysis to quantification of hormone receptor expression in breast cancer. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 45 1559-1565. 

A key clinical classification of breast cancer tumors is estrogen receptor (ER) expression. The more ERs are present on tumor cells, the more likely an anti-estrogen therapy such as tamoxifen can be successfully applied. Classification of each tumor is important, as only about 60%) of breast cancers are ER-positive. Initial studies set out to demonstrate that breast cancers with distinct pathological features could be separated by microarrays. Several groups demonstrated that supervised data analysis could be used to distinguish ER-positive from ER-negative tumors (74—76). 

Fig. 1. Assay for progestin receptors in human breast cancer cytosol. A. Saturation analysis. Total ( — ) and aspecific (o—o) binding are measured Specific binding (solid line) is calculated by subtraction. B. Scatchard plot derived from the binding data by the method of Chamness and McGuire [8]. Numerical data protein concentration of cytosol. 1.8 mg/ml assay volume, 100 /d cytosol volume, 50 /ul. Calculated values Kd = 0.76 nmol/l progestin receptor content, 510 fmol/mg protein.

Eissa, S., Khalifa, A., el-Gharib, A., Salah, N., and Mohamed, N. K. (1997) Multivariate analysis of DNA ploidy, p53, c-erbB-2 proteins, EGFR, and steroid hormone receptors for prediction of poor short term prognosis in breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 17, 1417-1423. 

Cavaliere A, BucciareUi E, Sidoni A, Bianchi G, Pietropaoli N, et al. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer Comparison between enzyme immunoassay and computer-assisted image analysis of immunocytochemical assay. Cytometry 1996 26 204-08. 

Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, is approved by the FDA for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer [32,33]. A meta-analysis... 

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