Branched glycopolymer

The most important synthetic approaches toward linear and globular/ branched glycopolymers will be highlighted here. Two main approaches are addressed preformation of reactive polymers, which can be further modified by polymer analogous reaction with sugar moieties, and direct incorporation of glyco units during the polymer formation process. 

AF4 coupled with static and DLS detectors enables comprehensive information about structural and branching characteristics of biopolymers (e.g., starches), synthetic polymers, proteins, etc. [25, 26]. Especially in case of branched polymer stractures like dendronized glycopolymers, the separation and characterization with AF4-LS lead to comprehensive information and understanding in molecular structures and aggregation behavior [27]. Furthermore, studies of uptake studies of dendritic glycopolymers and dye molecules were performed for the first time by AF4-LS (see Fig. 4.12). Here, a good correlation was obtained between the increase of molar mass and the quantified amount of dye molecules, which were encapsulated by the glycopolymers [28]. 

In contrast to the prominent efforts to realize and use perfectly branched glycodendrons and glycodendrimers, a more moderate role can be assigned to hyperbranched glycopolymers (Fig. 5.23) and other highly branched derivatives (core-shell architectures, starlike stmctures, formation of defined aggregates/micelles). 

The synthesis of biocompatible hb polymers shall be presented in the context of ROMBP Satoh and Kakuchi recently reviewed the use of anhydro-sugars as inimers for the ROMBP to hb glycopolymers (e.g., 3-39).Highly branched polysaccharides were obtained by applying cationic ROMBP of l,6-anhydro- 7-D-hexopyranose, a formal AB4-monomer. The... 

Glycosyl azides are an important family of carbohydrate derivatives. They have been used as precursors of glycopeptides and heterocyclic M-glycosides. The corresponding glycosylamines, which can be obtained by reduction of the azide group, can be used as precursors to glycopolymers or hyper-branched dendrimers, after A-acryloylation. Furthermore, azide functionalities can be easily converted into... 

Multivalent glycopolymers as complex polymer architectures for biomedical applications are an emerging research field." The polyol structure of carbohydrates obviously leads to the concept of using ROPs for the synthesis of highly branched sugars, which dates back to the late 1950s with... 

RAFT polymerisation has also been used in conjunction with CuAAC for the preparation of highly branched, hyperbranched and neo-glycopolymers [134, 135]. For instance, Stenzel and co-workers reported the synthesis of a new class of glycomonomer (4-vinyl-l, 2,3-triazole), followed by its RAFT polymerisation in water/methanol at 60 C (Scheme 1.9) [135]. 

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