Brain glucose consumption

The classic study by Owen et al. based on arterio-venous differences suggested that the adult brain uses ketone bodies as a principle substrate during starvation, resulting in a remarkable decrease in brain glucose consumption (Owen et al., 1967). Review of the current literature has shown inconsistencies in the magnitude/level at which the mammalian brain uses ketones as an oxidative substrate to glucose... 

Schwartz, W. J., 1978f , A role for the dopaminergic nigrqstriatal bundle in the pathogenesis of altered brain glucose consumption after lateral hypothalamic lesions. Evidence using the C-labeled deoxyglucose technique. Brain Res. 158 129-147. 

Jessy, J., DeJoseph, M.R., Hawkins, R.A. Hyperammonaemia depresses glucose consumption throughout the brain. Biochem. X 1991 277 693-696... 

Trichloroethane also produced changes in brain metabolism in rats and mice. Folbergrova et al. (1984) found a number of changes in cerebral cortical metabolism in rats exposed to high levels. Decreased glucose consumption and blood flow have also been documented in rats (Hougaard et al. 

In addition to the direct toxic effects of copper, in certain brain areas, as in the pineal gland, ATP7B is expressed and functionally active (Boijigin et al., 1999). Glucose metabolism, especially in striatal and cerebellar areas, is disturbed in patients with WD and correlates with the severity of extrapyramidal motor symptoms. The most severe cases are characterized by the lowest consumption in the striatal area. When there is marked improvement of extrapyramidal motor symptoms impaired glucose consumption reveals a persistent brain lesion (Hermann et al., 2002). 

Cerebral metabolic rate declines from developmental levels and plateaus after maturation. Reliable quantitative data on the changes in cerebral circulation and metabolism in humans from the middle of the first decade of life to old age have been reported [2,39,44]. By 6 years of age, cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption already have attained high rates, and they decline thereafter to the rates of normal young adulthood [45]. Oxygen is utilized in the brain almost entirely for the oxidation of carbohydrates [46]. The equation for the complete oxidation of glucose is ... 

Since the brain utilizes energy almost exclusively from oxidative metabolism of glucose, brain metabolism has been studied by focusing on net oxygen and glucose uptake. Oxygen consumption was classically measured as the arteriovenous difference of 02 content. When a substance is exchanged between brain and blood, the difference between its steady state of delivery to brain in the arterial blood and removal in the venous blood must be equal to the net rate of its utilization or... 

Fig. (1). Representative model of cerebral glucose (Glu) consumption. The labeled 2-deoxyglucose ([UC]DG) injected enters into competition with the circulating glucose through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and stops at the 2-deoxygluoose-6-phosphate ([l4C]DG-6P).

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