Brachiata

Marchantia brachiata (Sw.) Schiffn. is a liverwort that also enjoys a wide distribution. It is included here to offset the idea that liverworts of wide occurrence need to exhibit different chemistries in order to attract attention. Nagashima et al. (1999) identified four compounds from plants collected in Ecuador 3,4-dimethoxystyrylbenzene [456], 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrylbenzene [457], P-caryophyllene [458], and bicycloger-macrene [459], In the words of those workers, there was ... ostensibly no metabolic differences between Marchantia brachiata collected in the Netherlands Antilles, Saba, and in Ecuador. ... 

Nagashima, F., Murakami, Y. and Asakawa, Y. 1999. Aromatic compounds from the Ecuadorian hverwort Marchesinia brachiata a revision. Phytochemistry 51 1101-1104. 

New sources of hygrine are the roots of Nicandra physaloides (L.) Gaertn. (Solanaceae) (9, JO), Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. (Orchidaceae) (11), and Cochlearia arctica Slecht (Cruciferae) (12). Hygroline was also isolated from this latter source as well as from Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. (Rhi-zophoraceae), a plant from eastern Asia, New Guinea, and Queensland (13), and... 

Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Upper Massey Ck, Q F, B, R s [20]... 

Khan, B.A.A., Swetha, S., Aravind, S., Ganapathy, V., Anbazhagan, V., 2014. Preparation of gold nanoparticles using Salicomia brachiata plant extract and evaluation of catalytic and antibacterial activity. Spectrochim. Acta A 130, 54—58. 

Heiimchs, Klugmann, R, Hentschei, Schneider, H. (2009b). DNA taxonomy, cryptic speciation and diversification of the Neotropicai-African liverwort, Marchesinia brachiata (Lejeuneaceae, Poreiiales). Molecular Phylogenetics arul Evolution 53,113-121. 

Occurrence in Non-solanaceous/Non-convolvulaceous Taxa. Later it was reported that hygrine and/or closely related derivatives are also constituents of different unrelated families found throughout the plant kingdom. Such sporadic occurrence was discovered - besides the Erythroxylaceae (see above) - for certain Sedum spp. (Crassulaceae) (Stevens et al. 1992 Kim et al. 1996), Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. (Rhizophoraceae), Cochlearia arctica Slecht (Brassicaceae), as well as for Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. (Orchidaceae) (Massiot and Delaude 1986 and references therein) and Picea breweriana S.Watson, Pinaceae (Schneider et al. 1995). 

Marchesinia brachiata l-Allyl-3,5-dime Methyl eugenol... 

Use of more than twenty species in the preparation of curare is documented by herbarium specimens. Krukoff (108) indicated twenty-one species and one variety. He included S. macrophylla and S. melinoniana, but it is not clear from the original publications (192, 103, 125) that these two were actually used in curare. The S. fendleri Sprague et Sandw. reported by Henley (204) to have been used by the Panare is not included, as later work by Boom (98) has shown that the plant they employ is actually S. toxifera. Krukoff did not list S. amazonica which has recently been added to the list of curare species (34, 46). S. brachiata, S. castelnaeana, S. cogens, S. guianensis, S. peckii, S. solimoesana, and S. toxifera have all been recorded as essential ingredients of curare. The paragraphs below discuss the individual taxa in more detail. 

S. brachiata Ruiz et Pavon occurs widely as a large climber from sub-Andean Peru and Bolivia as far as Para in Brazil. Its various habitats in Brazil include varzea and terra firme (108, 217, 220). It is recorded as a curare ingredient only from Colombia. 

S.brachiata Peru San Martin sb 11-Methoxydiaboline, Wieland-Gumlich 261... 

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