Boulder Creek

Nordstrom, D.K. and Barber, L.B. (2005) Aqueous stability of gadolinium in surface waters receiving sewage treatment plant effluent, Boulder Creek,... 

Figure 4. Distribution of dissolved iron redox species for varying concentrations of reduced and oxidized iron, (a) Hornet effluent (b) Boulder Creek (c) Spring Creek (d) Spring Creek reservoir. Analyses for these four sarriples are...

B - Hornet Effluent, G - Boulder Creek, J - Spring Creek, N - Spring Creek. 

Amorphous ferric hydroxide. Most of Spring Creek below the Boulder Creek confluence is iron stained and actively precipitates iron hydroxide. 

On another occasion, Carothers left his parents in Arden to attend a chemical meeting at Cornell University. Two years before, he had panicked at the Yale meeting, but this time he felt happy and free. My head was practically on fire with theories, he said. When his parents returned to Des Moines after a year in Wilmington, Carothers celebrated with a little boulder hopping in nearby Brandywine Creek. 

Fey, D.L., Church, S.E. and Finney, C.J. (2000) Analytical Results for Bullion Mine and Crystal Mine Waste Samples and Bed Sediments from a Small Tributary to Jack Creek and from Uncle Sam Gulch, Boulder River Watershed, Montana. Open-File Report 00-031, U.S. Geological Survey, p. 63. 

Figure 2. Location of Spring Creek and its two tributaries, Boulder and Slick-rock Creeks, which contain acid mine drainage and drain the Iron Mountain...

Figure 4.4 Groundwater silcrete outcrops. (A) Superposed groundwater silcrete lenses developed within Fontainebleau Sand at Bonnevault Quarry, Paris Basin, France (with Medard Thiry for scale). (B) Ground-water silcrete developed within Red Bluff Sand underlying Newer Volcanics basalt at Taylor Creek, north of Melbourne, Australia (with John Webb for scale). (C) Groundwater silcrete boulder (sarsen) train within a valley floor at Clatford Bottom, Wiltshire, UK.

The Champeyron Creek was chosen as a case study because of the availability of documentation on past debris flow events, of clearly visible tracks of past debris flow processes, and because of the presence of elements at risk. A geomorphological analysis of the basin, carried out through a multi-temporal photo interpretation, allowed to reconstruct the development of the debris flow in 3D. For this purpose also some photos of the period were used, together with interviews of witnesses and some specific field surveys. In particular the areas of debris supply for the 1981 event were identified. These latter corresponded to the extended screes visible in Fig. 24.2 and to some other areas prone to periodic rockfalls. The available DTM was adjusted to obtain the needed scale that allowed a simulation of the process. The characteristics of the debris flow mixture (solid fraction in % and dimensions of the largest boulders) were faithfully reconstructed, and this allowed to appreciate the dynamics of the process evolution and the mass transport capacity. Furthermore the expansion areas of the debris flow on the fan and the flow directions have been defined, which are essential components for the interpretation and numerical simulation of the 1981 event (Fig. 24.3). 

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