Bordetella pertussis endotoxin

Bordetella pertussis endotoxin, and with the ultimate hope of correlating structure and biological, in particular immunological, properties of lipopolysaccharides that compose this endotoxin. 

Caroff, M., Tacken, A., Szabo, L. Detergent-accelerated hydrolysis of bacterial endotoxins and determination of the anomeric configuration of the glycosyl phosphate present in the isolated lipid A fragment of the Bordetella pertussis endotoxin. Carbohydr Res 175 (1988) 273-282. 

C9H17NO5 219.237 Present in some type-specific polysaccharides of Bordetella pertussis endotoxins. Hemihydrate. [a]o +37 (c, 0.5 in H2O, equilib.). V. sensitive to acid-catalysed glycosidation. The abs. config. of the natural sugar does not yet appear to have been demonstrated (1994). 

It has been shown that 1,6-a.nhydro-L-gIycero-D-manno-heptopyreinose is one of the products formed on acidic hydrolysis or methanolysis of an i.-glycero-D-/77a o-heptose-containing polysaccharide from Bordetella pertussis endotoxin. Alkaline treatment of 2-chlorophenyl j6-maltotrioside deca-acetate afforded l,6-anhydro-j3-maltotrioside, which was isolated as the crystalline nona-acetate. ... 

Although not catalytic in the usual sense, certain substances, known as adjuvants, arc capable of enhancing the immunogenicity of certain antigens. Among the adjuvants are aluminum salts, bacterial endotoxins, bacillus Calmette-Guirin (BCG), Bordetella pertussis, and mycobacteria. These materials and this phenomenon have been important in immunity research. Sometimes adjuvants are used clinically in connection with certain immunizations, such as against tetanus. 

Some adjuvants (endotoxin and poly(A.U)) increase synthesis of proteins. Other adjuvants stimulate different cellular compartments of the immune system (i) mycobacteria, retinol, and poly(A.U) expand T-cell populations (ii) endotoxin and Bordetella pertussis stimulate B cells and, (iii) many adjuvants of bacterial origin mobilize macrophages. Complete Freund s adjuvant causes local formation of granulomas which are rich in macrophages and immunocompetent cells. 

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