Borage, toxicity

Black cohosh 2. Caffeine 3. Evening primrose oil 4. Scutellaria baicalensis 5. Starflower (borage) 1. Docetaxel 2. Paditaxel 3. Doxorubicin 4. Tamoxifen 5. Cisplatin 6. Vinorelbine t cytotoxic properties Unknown mechanism (black cohosh). Caffeine t cytotoxic effects of cisplatin wogonin present in Scutellaria enhances etoposide-induced apoptosis. Gamolenic acid found in evening primrose oil and borage potentiated the in vitro toxicity of paditaxel and vinorelbine, attributed to an unsaturated fatty acid as modulators of tumour cell chemosensitivity Be aware and avoid concomitant use... 

Rank the expected relative toxicity of the following plants cactus, borage, poinsettia, larch, African violet, orchard grass. Take into account the opportunity to be eaten by grazing herbivores. Why did you rank th this way ... 

The American Herbal Products Association has established a trade requirement (AHPA 2011) that all products with botanical ingredients that contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, including borage herb, are not offered for sale for internal use and display the following cautionary label ... 

The dried herb, tincture, and decoction fed to guinea pigs for 5 weeks produced no adverse effects except for fatty liver. The seed oil administered orally to mice (0.1 mL) was also without toxic effects and only produced a mild laxative effect. Toxic PA in borage are lycopsamine and intermedicine and their 7-ace-tyl derivatives and the only slightly toxic alkaloid amabiline. ... 

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