Bond breaking model

The Laudau, Zener, and Stuckelberg relation for positive secondary ions is 

Although the trends implied by the bond-breaking model appear consistent with observed secondary ion yield trends, calculations of ionization probabilities to an acceptable degree of accuracy will, however, only be arrived at once a more detailed interpretation of the relevant parameters are derived. 

Lastly, many of the concepts used in the bond-breaking model show similarities to both the LTE formalism and the electron tunneling model. In the case of the LTE formalism, this is noted as the bond-breaking concept reproduces the same Boltzmann-like exponential dependence on the ionization potential. As for the electron tunneling model, the dependence of the neutralization probability of the outgoing ion on the work-function is similar to the effect the energy of the trapped electron in the cation vacancy site has on the neutralization of the departing cation. 

As electron transfer will occur only when the energy of the ionization or affinity levels of the departing atom/ion coincide with the Fermi edge, other parameters come into play such as  

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III.2b) Oxygen bond breaking model The ionic character of the bond supposedly in-... 

And, thus, the macroscopic diffusivity can be obtained from a consideration of the random atomic motions. The importance of this and the previous derivation is that uq and t are both parameters that can be easily extracted from a KMC simulation and thus diffiisivities can be obtained that can be used to compare with experimentally determined values or that can be used to calibrate less easily measured parameters, such as atom-electrolyte interactions or interspecies bonding, that are used to determine the energy barriers in the local bond-breaking model for diffusion and dissolution. 

B SiOg, 223 Bhat equation, 174 Bierbaum hardness, 1 Blunt punch, 12-13, 166-168 crack development, 166-168 equation for stress, 113-114 flow pattern, 12 indenter analysis, 12, 166 and plastic zone. 111 Bond breaking model. 132 rate equation, 132 Borazon, 231 Borides, 297-301 bonding in, 298-299 hardness anisotropy, 84, 93, 108-109 Knoop hardness, 87 slip systems, 108-109 structures, 299... 

In an attempt to simplify the foregoing discussions, only a select few models are covered. This starts, for historical reasons, with a brief overview of the Local Thermal Equilibrium model. This is covered in Section 3.3.2.I. The Bond Breaking model is then discussed in Section 3.3.2.2, followed by the Electron Tunneling model in Section 3.3.2.3. For completeness sake, the Kinetic Emission model is presented in Section 3.3.2.4 as this appears to be responsible for the production of multiply charged atomic ions from the elements hghter than Phosphoras. Although many other models have also been put forward, only these are covered as the latter three, in particular, represent those currendy accepted for the respective systems described. 

In short, positive ion yields are expressed as an exponential function of ionization potential of the respective element, whereas negative ion yields are expressed as an exponential function of the electron affinity of the respective element. Interestingly enough, the bond-breaking model incorporates the same exponential dependencies on ionization potential and electron affinity. 

Bond breaking model A model describing atomic secondary ion emission... 

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