Bonanza Field

Table 1. Pre- and post-C02 treatment water analyses for Crooks Gap and Bonanza Fields...

In addition to increased calcium and magnesium in the post-C02 water, bicarbonate also increased at Crooks Gap and Bonanza where this analysis was performed (Fig. 5 Table 1). At Bonanza field, bicarbonate increased from an average of 446 ppm... 

The relative dissolution rates between calcite and dolomite were also estimated for Bonanza field by examining the ratio of excess Ca to excess Mg in the post-treatment produced water. This ratio is 2.6 (Fig. 8). Assuming pure calcite (CaCOj) and pure dolomite (CaMg(C03)2>, this could only have resulted from the dissolution of 1.6 mol of calcite and 1 mol of dolomite, a calcite/dolomite dissolution ratio of 1.6. Assuming an impure calcite composition, the Ca/Mg ratio would result in a calcite/ dolomite dissolution ratio of approximately 1.9. Even though calcite is a minor component in the Tensleep reservoir, its relative contribution to the post-COj injection water is great. This is also despite the fact that the dolomite is more finely crystalline than the calcite, and would thus be expected to have a larger surface area exposed to the carbonated water. 

To conclude we may speculate on the future of the fuel cell research and make some observations. After much hope of achieving a cheap, reliable and efficient power conversion system, the hard facts of life have shown that the rapid commercialization and wide spread use of fuel cells cannot be obtained so readily. The level of R and D funding after the bonanza years of the moon flight missions rapidly decreased in the late sixties and several programs in industry came to a halt. The recent and exhaustive review by Kordesch ( 1). on fuel cell development indicates, among other things, that the peak in R and D in this field was in 1964. The maximum number of publications in fuel cell research activity occurred in 1969. 

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