Bohemians

Karpenko, Vladimir. Bohemian nobility and alchemy in the second half of the sixteenth century Wilhelm of Rosenberg and two alchemists. Cauda Pavonis 15, no. 2 (Fall 1996) 14-18. 

Garber, Margaret D. Chymical wonders of light J. Marcus Marci s seventeenth-century Bohemian optics. Early SciMed 10, no. 4 (2005) 478-509. 

Reimer, K. Tiemann, F. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1876, 9, 824. Karl L. Reimer (1845—1883) was bom in Leipzig, Germany. He interrupted his study to serve in the Bohemian War in 1866. After the war, Reimer returned to his study and obtained his Ph.D. in 1871. He held several jobs but at the end had to resign because of poor health. The discovery of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction was the beginning of his shortlived career in organic chemistry. Johann K. F. Tiemann (1848—1899) was born in Riibeland, Germany. He was a student and a big fan of W. Hofmann, from whom Tiemann received his Ph.D. in 1871. Tiemann then became a Professor of Chemistry at Berlin. 

Otto A, Kvacek J, Goth K, Biomarkers from the taxodiaceous conifer Sphenolepis pecinovensis and isolated resin from Bohemian Cenomanian, Acta Palaeohotanic... 

Levi influenced most of the notable occultists of his century, including his student Paul Christian (1811-1877), who wrote The History of Magic, published in 1870. He also influenced the Swiss occultist and hypnotist, Oswald Wirth (1860-1943), who in 1889 published a redesigned occult Tarot of his own. Levi s work also had an impact on the French Rosicrucian Papus (1865-1916), who wrote 260 books on the occult, including The Tarot of the Bohemians, published in 1889. Perhaps Levi s most important influence, though, was in England. 

The historical situation of the Esoteric Tradition visibly infected all levels of Occidental modernism. The late James Webb (1946-1980) was the most accomplished historian of the Esoteric Tradition and the author of a monumental study collectively called The Age of the Irrational. As he repeatedly emphasized. Occultism has always been of particular interest to the modern artist. Arising from his sense of bohemian and/or avant-garde alienation, the eventual result, stated Webb, was for the artist to take on the more positive stance of the elect race. As Webb further recognized, this haughty pose is a functional parallel to the perennial need among Occultists to appear especially alert. Webb concluded. 

For the history of public perceptions of the Artist, particularly as bohemian and rebel, see Kris and Kurz Seigel (both entries) and Wittkower and Wittkower. 

Seigel, J. Bohemian Paris Culture, Politics and the Bounderies of Bourgeois Life, 1830— 1930. New York Penguin, 1987. 

Many tin alloys containing lead, copper, antimony, and bismuth were also in use in Marggrafs time. He mentioned three kinds of unalloyed tin first the Malaga, reputed to be the best, second the English, and third the Saxon and Bohemian (219). 

Wohler was always greatly interested in new elements. Soon after Berzelius discovered selenium in Swedish sulfuric acid, Wohler found that the Bohemian acid also contained it. Soon after Professor F. Stromeyer discovered cadmium, young Wohler sent him some that he had prepared from zinc. Wohler s great ambition was to make potassium, but since his voltaic pile made of alternate layers of Russian copper coins and zinc... 

J. Heyrovsky, Collection Czcahodov. Chem. Communications Dmitri Mendeleev and Bohuslav Branner in Prague, 1900. The latter was a professor of chemistry at the Bohemian University of Prague. He wrote a charming biographical sketch of his friend, Mendeleev, who once had the portraits of Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Nilson, Winkler, and Brauner framed together because they had contributed most toward the development of his periodic system (40). 

Bohuslav Brauner, 1855-1935 Professoi of chemistry at the Bohemian University of Prague He made brilliant contributions to analytical chemistry, the determination of atomic weights, and the chemistry of the rare earths In 1902 he predicted the existence of element 61, now known as promethium... 

Another chemist who just missed discovering bromine was J. R. Joss, who in 1824, and again in January, 1826, had recorded in his laboratory notes the appearance of a red color in some hydrochloric acid prepared from gray Hungarian rock salt and Bohemian fuming sulfuric acid. At the time, he attributed this color to the possible presence of selenium from the sulfuric acid. After Balard s discovery, however, he made further experiments with the same materials and became convinced that the red color must be due to bromine. His attempts to obtain more of the bromine-containing rock salt were unsuccessful (147). 

The room was made dark and when a hot glass tube had cooled until it was just barely visible, a fragment of iodine was thrown into the tube, which thereupon filled with luminous vapours. To obtain more brilliancy one heats the vapour of iodine in a Bohemian glass tube by means of an enameller s lamp. The contents of the tube look like a red-hot bar of iron. One may also volatilize iodine around a platinum spiral brought to a vivid incandescence the luminous vapour rises like a real flame about the spiral. It is a case of farm without combustion. The light from the iodine gives a continuous spectrum, or rather a confused primary spectrum one perceives traces of characteristic channellings but no lines of the secondary spectrum. 

Silicate of potassa and lime. Examples —Foreign crown, refractory Bohemian glass. 

Bohemian Glass.—The Bohemian flint-glass is distinguished from the others by containing no lead. 

Mr. Rowney has lately analysed the Bohemian hard gloss tubing, so indispensable to chemists in the prosecution of researches in organic chemistry, and finds it to be essentially a silicate of lime and potassa, in which the oxygen ia the silicic acid is to that contained in the bases as 8 to 1. Analysis yielded —... 

Specimen of a goblet from Nenfeid in Bohemia, 2. Specimen from the same -place, 3. Bohemian glace, 4, Specimen of easily fusible French glass tubing. 5. Specimen of crown-glass. 

---