Blueing process

Figure 26.8 Energy diagrams for uncatalyzed (red) and enzyme-catalyzed (blue) processes. The enzyme makes available an alternative, lower-energy pathway. Rate enhancement is due to the ability of the enzyme to bind to the transition state for product formation, thereby lowering its energy.

Using an experimentally-optimized focusing lens (/ = 15 mm spot radius, w = 4.3 pm) and a 3 mm KNbOj crystal (cut for NCPM at 22°C and 858 nm AR-coated), up to 11.8 mW of blue average power with a spectral width up to AIsh 1-4 nm at 429 nm was generated with only 44.6 mW of incident fundamental. The maximum observed SHG conversion efficiency was as high as 30 %. The overall efficiency of the electrical-to-blue process was over 1 %, and the blue pulses were measured by autocorrelation to be -500 fs in duration. ... 

Blue process. For use on H/HD, it employs DCDMH in chloroform, t-bntyl alcohol, and water. 

When the run is complete, the gels can be stained with Coomassie brilliant blue, processed for fluorography, or transferred to a membrane for immunoblotting (Fig. 2). 

Waste Component Blue Process (percentage by weight) Red Process (percentage by weight) Charcoal or Charcoal-L Process (percentage by weight)... 

The vesicant (blister formation) properties of the neutralents from RRS processes were tested by dermal application to hairless guinea pigs. The only neutralent that caused vesication was from the blue process (treatment of neat HD). Because the concentration of HD in neutralent (less than 50 ppm) is too low to cause vesication, the blistering was attributed to the presence of HD oxidation products (Olajos et al., 1997). ... 

FIGURE 4.93 Fire extinguisher identification. Recommended colors per PMS (Pantone Matching System) green—Basic Green, red—192 Red, blue— Process Blue, yellow—Basic Yellow. From NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, Quincy, Mass., 1998). 

Fig. B2.5 Map of the concepts involved in a high-level view of engineering and the relationships between them [15], With reference to Fig. B2.4, objects are coloured blue, processes yellow, descriptions tan, and properties red.

Used in reprographic processes, particularly the ozalid blue-print paper processes. 

Schweizer s reagent The dark blue solution obtained by dissolving Cu(OH)2 in concentrated ammonia solution. Used as a solvent for cellulose, the cellulose is precipitated on acidification. Used in the cuprammonium process for the manufacture of rayon. 

Cobalt compounds have been in use for centuries, notably as pigments ( cobalt blue ) in glass and porcelain (a double silicate of cobalt and potassium) the metal itself has been produced on an industrial scale only during the twentieth century. Cobalt is relatively uncommon but widely distributed it occurs biologically in vitamin B12 (a complex of cobalt(III) in which the cobalt is bonded octahedrally to nitrogen atoms and the carbon atom of a CN group). In its ores, it is usually in combination with sulphur or arsenic, and other metals, notably copper and silver, are often present. Extraction is carried out by a process essentially similar to that used for iron, but is complicate because of the need to remove arsenic and other metals. 

This is the familiar absorption process illustrated by the appearance of an aqueous solution of copper sulphate as blue due to the absorption of the complementary colour, red, by the solution. 

Lactic acid-producing bacteria associated with fermented dairy products have been found to produce antibiotic-like compounds caUed bacteriocins. Concentrations of these natural antibiotics can be added to refrigerated foods in the form of an extract of the fermentation process to help prevent microbial spoilage. Other natural antibiotics are produced by Penicillium wqueforti the mold associated with Roquefort and blue cheese, and by Propionibacterium sp., which produce propionic acid and are associated with Swiss-type cheeses (3). 

Blue gas, or blue-water gas, so-called because of the color of the flame upon burning (10), was discovered in 1780 when steam was passed over incandescent carbon (qv), and the blue-water gas process was developed over the period 1859—1875. Successfiil commercial appHcation of the process came about in 1875 with the introduction of the carburetted gas jet. The heating value of the gas was low, ca 10.2 MJ /m (275 Btu/fT), and on occasion oil was added to the gas to enhance the heating value. The new product was given the name carburetted water gas and the technique satisfied part of the original aim by adding luminosity to gas lights (10). 

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