Blood products hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

Hemoglobin (Hb) is the most abundant protein in blood (12-15 g/dL), and should be the most essential protein. However, Hb becomes toxic once it is released from red blood cells (RBCs), which is evident in some pathological hemolytic diseases. Chemically modified cell-free Hb based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), such as intra-molecularly cross-linked, polymerized, and polymer conjugated Hbs have been synthesized to prevent the toxic effect of cell-free Hbs (Fig. 1). However, no product is commercially available yet. Some safety issues are arose during the final stage of clinical trials [1]. It seems difficult to completely eliminate the... 

---