Blood platelets thrombin effects

It is also possible that vitamin E can nullify some of the main adverse effects of oestrogen on blood platelets. Administration of ethynyloestradiol to female rats increased lipid synthesis, mainly lanosterol, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Treatment of the rats with a-tocopheryl acetate depressed the enhanced lipid synthesis and aggregation induced by the oestrogen. In vitro, too, platelet aggregation was enhanced by the addition of lanosterol, and this response was almost completely antagonised by preincubation with a-tocopheryl acetate [145]. 

Many studies have shown that ginseng has a protective effect on the development of atherosclerosis that may lead to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases. The preventive effects on cardiovascular diseases of ginseng include its potential antihypertensive and antiatherosclerotic effects. Ginsenosides are likely to be responsible for some of these effects as they have been shown to have inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation and to suppress thrombin formation as well as an effect on blood vessel contraction. 

Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan extracted from animal tissues (porcine mucosa, beef lung, etc.). It is a mixture of molecules having a mean molecular weight of 15,000 Da. A pentasaccharide sequence found in approximately one third of the molecules binds to antithrombin in mammalian blood, enhancing its inhibitory effects on the enzymes thrombin, factor Xa, factor Vila, and factor IXa. The reaction is reversible, heparin being released after the antithrombin molecule binds to the procoagulant enzymes. Heparin binds to platelets, platelet factor-4 (which neutralizes it), histidine-rich GP vWp and a number of other proteins. Its half-life is about one hour in the circulation (18). Antibodies to heparin... 

Thrombin induced thrombosis [48] stenosis, endothelial damage (by arterial clamping) and thrombin/blood injection Fibrin and red cell rich initial thrombus platelet rich reocclusion Coronary artery blood flow Adjunctive agents in thrombolysis (but not for effects on lysis of platelet rich thrombus)... 

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