Blood group antigenic determinants synthesis

The Chemical Synthesis of 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-4-(3-(a-L-fucopyra-nosyl)-3-<9-(/l-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucose. The Lewis a Blood-Group Antigenic Determinant, R. U. Lemieux and H. Driguez, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 97 (1975) 4063 1069. 

Synthesis of Type 2 Human Blood Group Antigenic Determinants. The H, X and Y Haptens and Variations of the H Type 2 Determinants as Probes for the Combining Site of the Lectin 1 of Ulex europaeus, O. Hindsgaul, T. Norberg, J. LePendu, and R. U. Lemieux, Carbohydr. Res., 109 (1982) 109-142. 

Recent advances in the synthesis of disaccharides, glycosphingolipids, and oligosaccharides have been described. Progress in synthesizing human blood group antigenic determinants has been reviewed. ... 

This time you will be engaged in the synthesis of blood group determinants. Besides the described glycoconjugates there are carbohydrate antigens of the A, B, H (O) and Lewis families on cell surfaces too. Because of their biological significance, these glycoconjugates are used to stimulate antibody production. 

Love KR, Seeberger PH. Automated solid-phase synthesis of protected tumor-associated antigen and blood group determinant ohgosaccharides. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004 43 602-605. Toone EJ, Simon ES, Bednarski MD, Whitesides GM. Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of carbohydrates. Tetrahedron 1989 45 5365-5422. 

Lemieux, R U, Driguez, H, Chemical synthesis of 2-0-(a-L-fucopyranosyl)-3-0-(a-D-galacto-pyranosyl)-D-galactose. Terminal structure of the blood-group B antigenic determinant, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 97, 4069-4075, 1975. 

The antigenic variation of blood group substances is due to specific glycosyltransferases (the primary gene products) responsible for synthesis of the oligosaccharide determinants (the secondary gene products). 

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