Blood Glucose-Lowering Agents

Combination therapy When used in combination with other oral blood glucose-lowering agents, add the second agent at the lowest recommended dose and observe patients carefully. 

Groups of 4-5 mixed breed rabbits of either sex weighing 3.0-4.5 kg are used. For insulin evaluation, food is withheld overnight. For evaluation of sulfonylureas and other blood glucose lowering agents the animals... 

For special purposes the effect of blood glucose lowering agents is studied in glucose loaded animals. Rabbits of either sex weighing 3.0-4.5 kg are treated either once (0.5 h after test compound) or twice (0.5 and 2.5 hours after test compound) orally with 2 g glucose/kg body weight in 50 % solution. 

I. Blood Glucose-Lowering Agents A. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors... 

Utility Blood Glucose-lowering Agents for Treating Type II Diabetes... 

Because diabetes is a heterogeneous disease, each patient must be treated individually. More studies, however, are necessary to determine which of several available sulphonylureas is most appropriate in clinical treatment. The evidence of the relative efficacy of sulphonylureas, however, is still inconclusive. The blood glucose-lowering effect has always been primarily attributed to their insulinotropic action. In subjects not previously exposed to sulphonylureas, close association between the appearance of the drug in the plasma after a single dose and the release of insulin has been amply demonstrated. Sulphonylureas, however, also seem to exert potent extra-pancreatic effects. This may explain why, in two recent reports, these agents were found to also be beneficial in the management of insulin-dependent diabetes. 

Acetohexamide is a blood-glucose-lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class. The first-generation oral hypoglycemic agents include tolbutamide (Orinase), acetohexamide (Dymelor), tolazamide (Tolinase), and chlorpropamide... 

Metabolism Prickly pear cactus is a popular food among Mexicans, Mexican-Ameri-cans, and Hispanics and is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The combination of prickly pear cactus with oral hypoglycemic agents, such as metformin and glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of hypoglycemia because of additive blood glucose lowering effects [70" ]. 

Type 2 diabetes mellitus As an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower the blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in combination with metformin or thiazolidinediones to lower blood glucose in patients whose hyperglycemia cannot be controlled by exercise, diet, and either agent alone. 

II.f.2.1. Oral hypoglycaemic agents. There are now five groups of orally active drugs available to lower blood glucose in clinical practice (Table 2). These are sulphonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, and the incretin derivatives. 

These are the agents which are effective orally and lower the elevated blood glucose levels. They are classified as in table 8.2.2. 

Co-administration of insulin with the nonionic surface active agent, Cetomacrogol 1,000, in a PEG 400 base has been shown to lower blood glucose when administered vaginally to female rats with streptozocin-... 

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