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Blood gases critical values

The practice of using aerobic specimens for the measurement of free calcium should be abandoned because of the widespread availability of blood gas analyzers measuring free calcium and the use of evacuated gel tubes by reference laboratories. In the past, specialized free calcium analyzers equilibrated aerobic specimens with a carbon dioxide (5.3 kPa) air mixture to adjust their pH to near 7.4 (7.2-7.6), and then mathematically corrected the free calcium to pH 7.4, using an algorithm relating free calcium and In the event that aerobic free calcium results are corrected to pH 7.4 after equilibration with a mixture of CO2 and air, only the free calcium at pH 7.4 should be reported with appropriate identification. The normalized or adjusted free calcium at pH 7.4 has been reported to accurately reflect the free calcium status of normal persons and individuals without acid-base disturbances. However, aerobic handling of specimens with correction of the free calcium to pH 7.4 has been increasingly criticized. The free calcium value... [Pg.1901]

The vial equilibration method is the most common in vitro method for determining partition coefficients for volatile or semivolatile materials and has been used most successfully for volatile organic solvents (Gargas et al., 1988). Tissues are harvested from the species of interest and incubated with the test compoxmd imtil equilibrium is reached between the tissue and the headspace in the vial. The blood/air or tissue/air partition coefficients are given by the ratio of the concentrations of the chemical in the blood or tissue relative to its concentration in the headspace. Tissue-blood partition coefficients are calculated from the respective tissue/air and blood/air values. A number of operational equations have been derived to calculate these ratios xmder specific experimental conditions. Time to steady state is critical and should be optimized for the test compoxmd. Metabolism of the compound in exposed tissue samples must be controlled. Analysis is performed by gas chromatography in a verified linear range. Human tissues can be obtained from tissue bank organizations to provide species specificity to models developed with human data. To estimate... [Pg.1040]

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Blood gases

Critical value

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