Blood carbon disulphide

Cadmium in blood Carbon disulphide Not critical lOpg/l B... 

Total phenol in urine Benzene in exhaled air mixed-exhaled end-exhaled Cadmium Cadmium in urine Cadmium in blood Carbon disulphide 2-Thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (= TTCA) in urine... 

Carbon disulphide. When working with this solvent, its toxicity (it is a blood and nerve poison) and particularly its high inflammability should be home in mind. Distillation of appreciable quantities of carbon disulphide should be carried out in a water bath at 55-65° it has been known to ignite from being overheated on a steam bath. 

Carbohydrates, published infra-red spectra, 250 Carbolic acid, 884 Carboline, 824 Carbolith, 708 Carbon disulphide, 567 Carbon Disulphide (test), 131 Carbon monoxide, quantification in blood, 20 reference standards, 1171 test on blood, 6 Carbon tetrachloride, 434 Carboneum tetrachloratum medicinale, 434 Carbop B, 178 CarbopakC, 178 Carbostesin, 411 Carbotiroid, 432 Carbowax20M, 179, 180... 

Chemicals which can damage (a) the liver, include carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol, bromobenzene, isoniazid, vinyl chloride, ethionine, galactosamine, halothane, dimethylnitrosamine (b) the kidney, include hexachlorobutadiene, cadmium and mercuric salts, chloroform, ethylene glycol, aminoglycosides, phenacetin (c) the lung, include paraquat, ipomeanol, asbestos, monocrotaline, sulphur dioxide, ozone, naphthalene (d) the nervous system, include MPTP, hexane, organophosphorus compounds, 6-hydroxydopamine, isoniazid (e) the testes, include cadmium, cyclophosphamide, phthalates, ethanemethane sulphonate, 1,3-dinitrobenzene (f) the heart, include allylamine, adriamycin, cobalt, hydralazine, carbon disulphide (g) the blood, include nitrobenzene, aniline, phenylhydrazine, dapsone. 

Bartonicek V. 1957. [The distribution of carbon disulphide in the whole blood, the brain and adrenal glands over a given period with parenteral administration to white rats.] Prac Lek 9 28-30. (Czech, English summary)... 

Brugnone F, Maranelli G, Gugliemi G, et al. 1993. Blood concentrations of carbon disulphide in dithiocarbamate exposure and in the general population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 64 503-507. 

Campbell L, Jones AH, Wilson HK. 1985. Evaluation of occupational exposure to carbon disulphide by blood, exhaled air, and urine analysis. Am J Ind Med 8 143-153. 

Egeland GM, Burkhart GA, Schnorr TM, et al. 1992. Effects of exposure to carbon disulphide on low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and diastolic blood pressure. Br J Ind Med 49(4) 287-293. 

Freundt KJ, Lieberwirth K, Netz H, et al. 1976. Blood acetaldehyde in alcoholized rats and humans during inhalation of carbon disulphide vapor. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 37 35-46. 

Hemberg S, Nordman CH, Partanen T, et al. 1971. Blood lipids, glucose tolerance and plasma creatinine in workers exposed to carbon disulphide. Work Environ Health 8 11-16. 

PinesA. 1982. Blood electrolyte levels in long-term occupational exposure to carbon disulphide. Ind Health 20 325-333. 

Several examples of the applications of polarography in these fields have been already mentioned in Chapters VI and VII, viz. determinations of benzene, toluene, naphthalene and phenols in the atmosphere, breath, blood or urine, of amino acids (with particular interest to tyrosine, tryptophane, phenylalanine, histidine and histamine), of ketoacids, ketosteroids, carbon disulphide in air and blood, ethanol, acetoin, sugars and morphine in blood, of lactic acid, mandelic acid in bile and urine, adrenaline and thyroxine in iodinated proteins and last, but not least, of thiol compounds, both soluble and bound in biological materials. A few further examples will be given here. 

Disulfiram implantation seems to be of little use in most patients. The implant is frequently rejected or poorly absorbed. After implantation of disulfiram the blood level is only rarely comparable to that achieved after oral administration. In addition, carbon disulphide, a metabolite which is regularly found in the expiratory air after oral ingestion of disulfiram, has been found in only one patient out of 62 receiving implantation of disulfiram. Pharmacologically speaking, the implantation thus does not seem to have more than a placebo action (18 ) and the side effects are likely to be irritant rather than toxic. 

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