Blind-sight

This species is able to squirt venom up to 5 away, and venom in the eyes can be very dangerous. Victims experience severe pain and temporary blindness, and the venom will permanently blind sight if the venom is not flushed within 5 rounds. 

Ironically, a blind student, Walt Grueninger, who had lost his sight to a rare eye infection after two years of medical school, helped me quite a bit. It was soon obvious, however, that computer programming was not going to be a major tool in my educational kit - at least not for another 15 years. 

The two blind mice experiment of Alyan and Jander (1994) used the pup-retrieving behavior of female house mice to determine the visual cues they use for orientation in an arena of Im diameter. A strain of blind mice did not orient as well as intact mice. In different experiments, neither sighted nor blind mice appeared to use olfactory cues such as scent trails in sand, or the odors of wooden blocks in the arena, to find their nest after their arena had been rotated by 90 degrees. Such rotation misled them on their way home, despite landmarks in their arena with odor that should have been familiar to them. We know little on the role of olfactory cues in such short-range orientation. 

From the beginning of time, humankind could only admire stars similar to our own Sun, neither much hotter, nor much colder. Non-thermal processes based on high-speed particles, totally escaped our gaze and the main aspects of the sky were hidden to us. But today, the solar eye has given way to a new, universal sense of sight. We no longer live in blindness among the sublime realities of the sky. 

You take a breath. But sir, even if we could build a working spherical retina, our minds would be unable to interpret the information. It would be like giving sight to a man blind from birth. ... 

The 1992 Merbs Nathans paper addresses anomalous color vision based on a dichotomy, the possible complete absence of either the L-channel or M-channel chromophores of vision192. Their definition of a complete deutranope as one completely lacking a green, or M-channel, chromophore does not conform to the original definition of the term or as it is used in this work (Section 18.1). No report has been found in either the electrophysiological or psychophysical literature of any sighted human, color-blind or not, who totally lacked an operational M-channel in his visual system. At photopic levels of illumination, the most chromatically limited deutranope exhibits a luminous threshold function within the normal statistical variation of color normals. 

A direction-finding system (such as eyesight) is also useful for swimming however, it is not the same thing as the ability to swim. In the story you could do the backstroke for a while and still advance through the water. Eventually, an inability to sense the surroundings can lead to accidents. Nonetheless, one can swim sighted or one can swim blind. 

Bob Randall does smoke pot—for a reason. He has glaucoma. He s going blind. And marijuana is the only drug that seems able to save his remaining sight. 

Millar, S. (1994). Understanding and representing space theory and evidence from studies with blind and sighted children. New York Oxford University Press. 

O Connor, N., and Hermelin, B. M. (1972). The re-ordering of three term series problems by blind and sighted children. British Journal of Psychology, 63 (3), 381 — 386. 

Wilton, P. (1996). First cornea transplants meant blind WWI veterans saw first sights in 40 years. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 155 1325-6. Wulf, H.C., Aasted, A., Darre, E. Niebuhr, E. (1985). Sister chromatid exchanges in fishermen exposed to leaking mustard gas shells. Lancet i 690-1. 

In a 2002 report the World Health Organization reported that glaucoma has become the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Overall, an estimated 12.3% of the world s 37 million blind had lost their sight because of glaucoma. 

One way to test these ideas is to examine humans or animals who from birth had no visual experience, and thus no opportunities for visual learning, and to test them when their sight is restored. Perceptual functions are then tested to see which, if any, are intact. This was done with human beings bom blind because of cataracts before surgical methods were developed to safely remove them. Cataracts are a disease of the eye in which the crystalline lens or its capsule are or become opaque. It was found that after their cataracts were removed they were normally responsive to changes in color and light, but they were unable to tell when a figure was present, or to discriminate between simple shapes. It took a period of two to three months before they were able to perform these tasks with ease. 

The double-blind technique should be used wherever possible and especially for occasions when it might at first sight seem that criteria of clinical improvement are objective when in fact they are not. For example, the range of voluntary joint movement in rheumatoid arthritis has been shown to be greatly influenced by psychological factors, and a moment s thought shows why, for the amount of pain patients will put up with is influenced by their mental state. 

A 29-year-old man had a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to an arteriovenous malformation, which was embo-hzed (101). During the procedure he suddenly lost consciousness, regained it 15 minutes later, but complained of total blindness. Cerebral angiography showed no arteriovenous malformation and no abnormality in the vertebrobasilar system. A CT scan of the head showed considerable contrast enhancement of the occipital lobes and 2 hours later the contrast had cleared. An MRI scan 12 hours later showed no evidence of infarction in the occipital lobes. Two days later his sight gradually returned and 7 days later he had completely recovered. 

An 81-year-old man had been a prisoner of war 58 years before and had been fed mainly rice. At that time he had developed complete loss of power and sensation in the right leg, weakness in the left leg, and weakness and impaired sensation in the right arm he had become almost blind and deaf in both ears. When he was given vitamin B tablets his sight became almost normal within 1 month, but recovery... 

---