Black powder solid state

The salt monomer method was successfully applied to the preparation of the electrically-conducting polyimide-carbon black composites [62]. The composites are prepared as follows An aqueous solution of salt monomer 9PMA was mixed with carbon black, giving a suspension. This was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to afford a homogeneously-mixed powder composed of the salt monomer and carbon black. The powder was subjected to solid-state thermal polycondensation in the form of a pellet at 240 °C for 1 h under atmospheric pressure. The semiconducting aliphatic polyimides (P-9PM, Tm=315 °C) having electric conductivity of about 10"6 S/cm was readily obtained by mixing only 1 wt% of carbon black based on the polyimide. 

All explosive materials contain oxygen, which is needed for the explosive reaction to take place. The oxygen can be introduced by chemical reactions (nitration) or by mechanical incorporation of materials containing bound oxygen. The most important solid-state oxidizers are nitrates, especially -> Ammonium Nitrate and -> Sodium Nitrate for explosives -> Potassium Nitrate for -> Black Powder and ion exchanged -> Permitted Explosives, potassium chlorate for -> Chlorate Explosives and for pyrotechnical compositions Ammonium Perchlorate (APC) for -> Composite Propellants. 

A second series of tests was conducted specifically to improve the response time of the system and extinguish the black powder fire. The only change in the test set-up was the use of solid state controls in lieu of the conventional ones used during the first tests. The retests were made and the response time was reduced in half but again the entire sample was consumed and the system was not considered to be effective. 

Physical state Heavy, mobile, liquid metal Solid mercury is ductile, maleable mass which may be cut with a knife Crystals, granules or powder rhombic crystals, crystalline solid0 Heavy amorphous powder, also occurs as black cubic crystals (mercuric sulfide, black) powder, lumps, hexagonal crystals (mercuric sulfide, red) Heavy powder rhombic crystals or crystalline powder 1... 

Indium is a ductile, shiny silver-white metal that may also exist in a black powder form. Indium has an atomic weight of 114.82, an atomic number of 49, and a specific gravity of 7.31 g cm It has a boiling point of 2080 °C, a melting point of 1566°C, and is insoluble in water. The major oxidation states for indium are +1, +2 and +3 valences (Merck Index Online 2002). In aqueous solution, only In(III) is stable, but solid-state compounds with +1 and +2 valences have been isolated (Cotton and Wilkinson 1972). 

Polycrystalllne samples of LaSrAlCu05 were prepared by solid state reaction of Aldrich cupric oxide (99.999%), strontium carbonate (99.999%), lanthanum oxide (99.999%) and aluminum nitrate (99.999%). Powders were ground with a mortar and pestle and calcined In air at 950 C for 5 days with dally grindings. The product was dark black. Thermogravlmetrlc studies with a Du Pont Thermal Analysis System by reduction In hydrogen were used to determine the oxygen composition. 

Solid state NMR has been used to demonstrate the presence of melanin-type pigments in beetle cuticles (68). The natural abundance " C-NMR difference spectrum obtained by subtracting the spectrum of powdered elytra removed from wild-t rpe red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum, from that of powdered elytra from the black mutant strain revealed that wild-type and black elytra have similar levels of protein, chitin and lipid, but that the black elytra have more melanin or other polyphenolic materials. It was estimated that approximately 5% of the total... 

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