Black, Alizarin Aniline

Preparation of aniline black from aniline naphthylamine violet from naphthylamine salts alizarine from anthraquinone—Toluidene—Alethyl-aniline— Diphenylamine— Methyl-diphenylamine—Naphthylamine.60-62... 

Artificial dyes in the laboratory of the Lancashire calico-printer John Lightfoot included his own invention of aniline black he also pioneered new methods for mordanting and the use of vanadium in aniline black printing.104A general account has been given of the role of rosaniline in the development of the synthetic dye industry.105 A paper on quinones focuses chiefly on the case of anthraquinone and the synthesis of alizarin from anthracene.106... 

Cerium carbide and nitride have been tried as filaments for incandescent lamps.2 Pure cerium nitrate is used in the manufacture of gas mantles. The reducing action of cerous compounds is used for producing a variegated effect in dyeing fabrics. The salts of cerium are used for making aniline black and as a base for the alizarin group of dyestuffs. 

Dyes may be classified according to their constitution, such as azo dyes, phthaleins, alizarines, etc., but from the standpoint of the dyer the more important classification is that which is based on the behavior of the dyes with fibers. Dyes are grouped in this way as substantive or direct, and adjective or mordant. Dyes are also classed as acidic and basic. In addition to the dyes belonging to these classes, there are a few, such as indigo and other Vat dyes, aniline black, and the so-called ingrain colors, which are produced by chemical reactions within the fiber. 

Synthetic dyes, such as indigo with different concentrations (20%-8o%), alizarin for red, auramine for yellow, naphthol for red and yellow, and aniline for blue or black color, have replaced the traditional natural dyestuffs [1, 2, 4, 6]. Examples of the synthetic dyes used in batik processing are Brenta Soga produced by ICI, Naphthol as produced by Bayer, and Anthrasol produced by Hoechst [4]. 

Significantly, Beckers manufactured a few dyes from underrepresented categories, such as anthraquinone and alizarin, and he expanded his firm through both internal growth and the acquisition of Standard Aniline Products of Wappingers Falls, New York, a start-up that manufactured sulphur black and intermediates such as aniline and beta... 

---