Bjerrum

Fisher M and Levin Y 1993 Criticality in ionic fluids Debye Huckel Theory, Bjerrum and beyond Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 3826... 

Method 1 (Lund and Bjerrum, 1931). The procedure depends upon the reactions ... 

The data refer to various temperatures between 18 and 25°C, and were compiled from values cited by Bjerrum, Schwarzenbach, and Sillen, Stability Constants of Metal Complexes, part II, Chemical Society, London, 1958, and values taken from publications of the lUPAC Solubility Data Project Solubility Data Series, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979-1992 H. L. Clever, and F. J. Johnston, J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data, 9 751 (1980) Y. Marcus, Ibid. 9 1307 (1980) H. L. Clever, S. A. Johnson, and M. E. Derrick, Ibid. 14 631 (1985), and 21 941 (1992). 

Hexamminecobalt(IH) chloride [10534-89-1] M 267.5. Crystd from warm water (8mL/g) by cooling. [Bjerrum and McReynolds Inorg Synth 2 217 1946.]... 

In addition, it is convenient to define the Bjerrum length parameter Lb = e z ) / f.eikTi (where is the universal dielectic constant) and the so-called quenching parameter, defined as g = EqTq/eiTi. 

A criterion for the presence of associated ion pairs was suggested by Bjerrum. This at first appeared to be somewhat arbitrary. An investigation by Fuoss,2 however, threw light on the details of the problem and set up a criterion that was the same as that suggested by Bjerrum. According to this criterion, atomic ions and small molecular ions will not behave as strong electrolytes in any solvent that has a dielectric constant less than about 40. Furthermore, di-divalent solutes will not behave as strong electrolytes even in aqueous solution.2 Both these predictions are borne out by the experimental data. 

Bohr, like all the other individuals mentioned in this chapter, was not a chemist. His only real contact with chemistry came as an undergraduate at the University of Copenhagen. His chemistry teacher, Niels Bjerrum, who later became his close friend and sailing companion, recalled that Bohr set a record for broken glassware that lasted half a century. 

N.J. Bjerrum, F, Matthiensen, E. Christensen, J.H. Von Bamer, Int. Harald A. Oeye Symp. (1995) 15, Norw. Inst. Techn., Inst. Inorg. Chem., Trondheim, Norway, 1995. 

In Eq. (15) 2 qB/r is the coulombic part of the mean force potential, and Wjj is the noncoulombic part. The earlier association constants of Fuoss, Prue, and Bjerrum are special cases of this general chemical model [15]. The importance of noncoulombic interactions is proved [ 16] by ... 

A very interesting calculation has been carried out by N. Bjerrum (Zeitschr. Elektrocliem., 1911 Nernst Festschrift, 1912) in which the rotational energy is connected with the frequencies of the infra-red absorption bands of a gas. The chemical constants of gases have also recently been calculated from kinetic principles by Sackur (Nernst Festschrift, 405, 1912 Ann. Phijs., 40, 67, 84, 1918). 

These large increases in rate might be attributed to the operation of a neutral salt effect, and, in fact, a plot of log k versus the square root of the ionic strength, fi, is linear. However, the reactants, in this case, are neutral molecules, not ions in the low dielectric constant solvent, chloroform, ionic species would be largely associated, and the Bronsted-Bjerrum theory of salt effects51 52, which is valid only for dilute-solution reactions between ions at small n (below 0.01 M for 1 1 electrolytes), does not properly apply. 

On the tendency of metal ions toward complex formation. J. Bjerrum, Chem. Rev., 1950, 46, 381-401 (161). 

This equation is known as the Br0nsted-Bjerrum equation. Because y% appears in the denominator, it explicitly acknowledges the premise of TST that there is an equilibrium between the reactants and the transition state. Equation (9-27) provides the basis for understanding the direction and magnitude of rate effects arising from changes of reaction medium. This approach will be used to formulate effects of solvent and inert electrolytes in the sections that follow. 

Biexponential kinetics, 72-76 Biphasic kinetics, 72-76 Bloch equations, 261 Branching reactions, 189 Brpnsted-Bjerrum equation, 204... 

I.M. Petrushina, V.A. Bandur, F. Cappeln, andN.J. Bjerrum, Electrochemical Promotion of Sulfur Dioxide Catalytic Oxidation, J. Electrochem. Soc. 147(8), 3010-3013(2000). 

This exciting work carried out by Bjerrum and coworkers12 in the experimental set up of Fig. 10.6 is truly remarkable for several reasons. The major difference from all electrochemical promotion studies surveyed in this... 

Bjerrum and coworkers have assigned the three rate maxima shown in Figs. 10.7 and 10.8 to (starting from the negative potential) (a) destruction of vanadium polymeric chains (b) electric double layer effect at gold working electrode (c) stabilization of V (V) vs V (IV). These explanations are very plausible. 

N.J. Bjerrum The group of Professor Bjerrum was the first to demonstrate NEMCA with a molten salt catalyst (Chapter 10) and also with a commercial V205-based S02 oxidation catalyst (Chapter 12). Both discoveries are of significant practical importance. 

Pou Poulsen, J., Bjerrum, J. Acta Chem. Scand. 9 (1955) 1407. 

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