Bitterfeld, Germany

Fig. 20. A typical GC-MS trace of a phenol contaminated soil sample, Bitterfeld, Germany (after [254] with permission). Chlorophenols were extracted using ASE-SPME upper chromatogram, procedure B lower chromatogram, ASE conditions of water, 150°C, 15 min. Peak identifications (1) 2-chlorophenol, (2) 2,4-dichlorophenol, (3) 4-chlorophenol, (4) 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, (5) 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, (6) 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, (7) 2,3,4-trichlo-rophenol, (8) 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, (9) pentachlorophenol... 

Bitterfeld, Germany. This bacterium utilized 1,4-dichlorobenzene as the sole source of carbon and energy. Degradation products identified using GC/MS were 3,6-dichloro-c/5-l,2-dihydroxy-cyclohexa-3,5-diene, 3,6-dichlorocatechol, 3,5-dichloromuconic acid, 2-chloromaleylacetic acid, and 2-chloroacetoacrylic acid. 

Because the application of Pd catalysts to the treatment of contaminated water is relatively new, only one major field study (at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories) has been conducted and published thus far. (McNab et al. 2000) Other studies, such as that in Bitterfeld, Germany, are currently underway. The Bitterfeld site operates at a residence time of 15 minutes, with a flow of approximately 100 pore volumes/day and uses a zeolite-supported Pd catalyst, which was optimized in laboratory experiments. In the initial tests in the field, the catalyst was deactivated, apparently by sulfide-producing bacteria. Treating the column with 10 g/L of hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours each week (approximately 8 pore volumes of peroxide solution per 700 pore volumes of water treated) resulted in column operation for 15 weeks with 90-99% removal of chlorobenzene and without any apparent catalyst deactivation. (Weiss et al. 1999) As the Pd technology develops further, more field tests are expected. 

Brack, W., R. Altenburger, U. Ensenbach, M. Moder, H. Segner, and G. Schuurmann. 1999. Bioassay-directed identification of organic toxicants in river sediment in the industrial region of Bitterfeld (Germany)—a contribution to hazard assessment. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37 164-174. 

Wofatit VEB Farbenfabrik Wolfen, Wolfen, Kr. Bitterfeld, Germany... 

Baltic amber (Bitterfeld, Germany) 3893-3200 Same assignment as above, the differences appear in intensity and shght shifts, due to the different number of intramolecular bonds with respect to those of Romanite Less intense signals in this region for archaeological samples and slight shifts... 

Vierzoner Strasse 14, D-06749 Bitterfeld, Germany (Tel 49 3493/605464 FAX 49 3493/605470 E-mail intatrade intatrade.de Internet http //www.intatrade.de) Integra Chemical Co. 

Germany, Bitterfeld 1920 two-stage rotary kilns heated internally using intermediate grinding of roast oxidation completed within 3—4 h cylindrical monopolar ceUs, 4 m volume undivided con-centric Ni anodes, rod-shaped Fe cathodes unfiltered electrolyte batch operation KMnO crystallizes in ceU electrolysis energy consumption about 700 kWh/1 4,000 27,113... 

Germany Bitterfeld-Wolfen Mulde River Mining and chemical industry Kalbitz and Wennrich (1 998)... 

However, the converse has also been observed for multiple samples of contaminated groundwater from the Bitterfeld area in Germany, the joint toxicity was anticipated on the basis of the 6 most prevalent chlorinated hydrocarbons, assuming concentration additivity, but this could not fully explain the ecotoxicological effects of the original samples (Krister et al. 2004). 

Gebr. Sachsenberg in Rosslau/Elbe (Germany) build a vertical expression rolls machine for the production of sewer pipes for Messrs. Polko in Bitterfeld... 

Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland Scanbec, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany... 

T. Sykes Briggs of Burton Pic, Burton on Trent, Staffordshire, England, UK K. Vetter Scanbec, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany... 

Steffen Ernst FEW Chemieals GmbH Bitterfeld-Wolfen Germany... 

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