Bismuth peroxides

Sodium bismuthate (oxidation of manganese) heat 20 parts of NaOH nearly to redness in an iron or nickel crucible, and add slowly 10 parts of basic bismuth nitrate which has been previously dried. Add 2 parts of sodium peroxide, and pour the brownish-yellow fused mass on an iron plate to cool. When cold break up in a mortar, extract with water, and collect on an asbestos filter. 

The purple permanganate ion [14333-13-2], MnOu can be obtained from lower valent manganese compounds by a wide variety of reactions, eg, from manganese metal by anodic oxidation from Mn(II) solution by oxidants such as o2one, periodate, bismuthate, and persulfate (using Ag" as catalyst), lead peroxide in acid, or chlorine in base or from MnO by disproportionation, or chemical or electrochemical oxidation. 

Arsenic Peroxides. Arsenic peroxides have not been isolated however, elemental arsenic, and a great variety of arsenic compounds, have been found to be effective catalysts ia the epoxidation of olefins by aqueous hydrogen peroxide. Transient peroxoarsenic compounds are beheved to be iavolved ia these systems. Compounds that act as effective epoxidation catalysts iaclude arsenic trioxide, arsenic pentoxide, arsenious acid, arsenic acid, arsenic trichloride, arsenic oxychloride, triphenyl arsiae, phenylarsonic acid, and the arsenates of sodium, ammonium, and bismuth (56). To avoid having to dispose of the toxic residues of these reactions, the arsenic can be immobi1i2ed on a polystyrene resia (57). 

As described earlier one of the possible products from the AFO reaction is dihydroxyflavonols. Simpson and coworkers took advantage of this outcome in their synthesis of the flavonol rhamnocitrin (23). Chalcone 24 was subjected to the typical AFO conditions to deliver dihydroxyflavonol 25. The isolated product was further subjected to hydrogen peroxide to afford flavonol 25a in 30% yield. However, treatment of 25 with bismuth acetate, generated in situ from bismuth carbonate and acetic acid, gave 25a in 77% yield for a respectable 52% overall yield over two steps. 25a was then selectively demethylated with anilinium chloride to deliver rhamnocitrin (23). 

Heating with the following solids, their fusions, or vapours (a) oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, nitrates, nitrites, sulphides, cyanides, hexacyano-ferrate(III), and hexacyanoferrate(II) of the alkali and alkaline-earth metals (except oxides and hydroxides of calcium and strontium) (b) molten lead, silver, copper, zinc, bismuth, tin, or gold, or mixtures which form these metals upon reduction (c) phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or silicon, or mixtures which form these elements upon reduction, particularly phosphates, arsenates,... 

The reason for the ultramicrochemical test was to establish whether the bismuth phosphate would carry the plutonium at the concentrations that would exist at the Hanford extraction plant. This test was necessary because it did not seem logical that tripositive bismuth should be so efficient in carrying tetrapositive plutonium. In subsequent months there was much skepticism on this point and the ultramicrochemists were forced to make repeated tests to prove this point. Thompson soon showed that Pu(Vl) was not carried by bismuth phosphate, thus establishing that an oxidation-reduction cycle would be feasible. All the various parts of the bismuth-phosphate oxidation-reduction procedure, bulk reduction via cross-over to a rare earth fluoride oxidation-reduction step and final isolation by precipitation of plutonium (IV) peroxide were tested at the Hanford concentrations of... 

Lead peroxide reacts explosively [1] and copper(II) oxide incandescently [2] with warm potassium. Mercury(II) and (I) oxides react with molten potassium with incandescence and explosion, respectively [3], Tin(IV) oxide is reduced incandescently on warming [4] and molybdenum(III) oxide on heating [5], Warm bismuth trioxide is reduced with incandescence [6],... 

Compound Name Barium Peroxide Bismuth Oxychloride Zirconium Oxychloride Sulfuric Acid Benzene Hexachloride Oil Spindle Sucrose... 

The oxidizers include heavy metal oxides such as red lead (Pb304), lead dioxide (Pb02), iron oxide (Fe203), bismuth oxide (Bi203), lead and barium chromates etc., peroxides (barium peroxide) and various oxysalts of potassium and barium. 

A. J. Balard found that stannous oxide is oxidized to stannic oxide, and the latter is not altered by hypochlorous acid chromic oxide is oxidized to chromic acid manganese, nickel, cobalt, and lead oxides are also converted into peroxides by hypochlorous acid bismuth oxide and manganese dioxide are not altered by this acid. 

Benzidine (based dyes) Benzo(a)pyrene Benzoyl peroxide Benzyl chloride Beryllium and compounds Biphenyl Bismuth lelluride Borates, lelra, sodium salts Boron oxide... 

Aldaric acids may be prepared from aldoses or aldonic acids by oxidation in aqueous solution with oxygen over platinum-charcoal255 or platinum-on-alumina.256 The effect of such promoters as bismuth or gold has also been studied.257 Hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron salts has been used for the oxidation of uronic acids to aldaric acids.258... 

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