1.2- bis maleic

The cyclohexadiene derivative 130 was obtained by the co-cyclization of DMAD with strained alkenes such as norbornene catalyzed by 75[63], However, the linear 2 1 adduct 131 of an alkene and DMAD was obtained selectively using bis(maleic anhydride)(norbornene)palladium (124)[64] as a cat-alyst[65], A similar reaction of allyl alcohol with DMAD is catalyzed by the catalyst 123 to give the linear adducts 132 and 133[66], Reaction of a vinyl ether with DMAD gives the cyclopentene derivatives 134 and 135 as 2 I adducts, and a cyclooctadiene derivative, although the selectivity is not high[67]. 

Bis(maleic anhydride)nickel(O), an orange air-sensitive compound, soluble in acetone but not in benzene, is obtained by reaction of maleic anhydride with Ni(CO)4 (600). With Ni(CO)4, diphenylcyclopropenone yields, in addition to diphenylacetylene and tetraphenylcyclopenta-dienone, a pale green diamagnetic complex [(CaH5)2C2CO]gNi(CO), melting at 188°C, which is presumably tris(Tr-diphenylcyclopropenone)-carbonylnickel (66). The infrared spectrum of the complex indicates coordination at the double bond. 

Reactive compatibilization of polymers through copol5uner formation is also possible with the help of low molecular weight compounds (56), eg by combination of a peroxide with an oligomer coagent for preparation of PE/PP blends (57) or bis-maleic imide for PE/PBT (58). Special cases of reactive compatibilization can be considered radical-initiated reactions of monomers forming homopolymers and grafts on the chains of dissolved polymers. This process is nsed for manufacture of such important polymers as HIPS or ABS (59). 

MA is capable of donating electrons from the olefin tt bond like other olefins. Besides transitory equilibrium species proposed as intermediates during various addition reactions of the olefin, the C—C double bond can function as a ligand. In so doing, it leads to a variety of transition-metal complexes. Weiss and Stark obtained bis-(maleic anhydride)nickel (O) as orange crystals when a benzene solution of MA and nickel carbonyl was heated. 

The methylated maleic acid adduct of phthalic anhydride, known as methyl nadic anhydride VI, is somewhat more useful. Heat distortion temperatures as high as 202°C have been quoted whilst cured systems, with bis-phenol epoxides, have very good heat stability as measured by weight loss over a period of time at elevated temperatures. The other advantage of this hardener is that it is a liquid easily incorporated into the resin. About 80 phr are used but curing cycles are rather long. A typical schedule is 16 hours at 120°C and 1 hour at 180°C. 

The original compound, maleimide (2,5-dioxo-A -pyrroline), is synthesized by the cyclo-condensation of ammonia and maleic acid. Similarly, primary amine is added to maleic anhydride, followed by cyclocondensation, to form N-substituted maleimide (Fig. 2). This reaction is applied to the preparation of bis-maleimides (BMl) [1]. At first, BMI was used as a crosslinking agent for natural rubber (NR). An o-dichlorobenzene solution of NR was crosslinked by BMI at I08-150°C in the presence of peroxides. The radicals generated from peroxides react with the double bonds of both BMI and NR [ 1 ]. 

A domino reaction,in this case consisting of an inter- and an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, is a key step in the synthesis of the hydrocarbon pago-dane 30, reported by Prinzbach et al When the bis-diQnQ 27 is treated with maleic anhydride 4, an initial intermolecular reaction leads to the intermediate product 28, which cannot be isolated, but rather reacts intramolecularly to give the pagodane precursor 29 ... 

The remarkable 19-electron molybdenum half-sandwich complex Mo(r 5-C5HPh4)(CO)2L2 (L2 = 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic anhydride) (44) was prepared from [Mo(r)5-C5HPh4)(CO)3]2 and L2 and its structure in the solid state determined [65]. The average distance from molybdenum to the ring ligand is... 

Perfluoroalkyl group-containing surfactants like fluoroalkylsuccinamic surfactant and fluoroalkylthio derivatives from the reaction of bis-2-hydroxyethyl-aminomethylphosphonic acid ester with maleic anhydride were especially useful for the preparation of foams for extinguishing burning hydrocarbon liquids. A surface tension of 19.8 mN/m in a 0.1% aqueous solution was observed [88. ... 

A stronger donor, the butadiene with the amino groups in place of the methoxy group in the 1,4-positions, was calculated to react with TCNE via a zwitterion (pseudoexcitation band in Scheme 7) [34], The loss of the stereochemical integrity was observed inthe[4+2]cycloadditionreactionsbetweensomestrongdonors,l,4-bis(dimethylamino) butadienes, and acceptors, fumaric and maleic dinitriles [36],... 

Supemucleophilic polymers containing the 4-(pyrro-lidino)pyridine group were synthesized from the corresponding maleic anhydride copolymers and also by cyclopolymerization of N-4-pyridyl bis(methacryl-imide). The resulting polymers were examined for their kinetics of quaternization with benzyl chloride and hydrolysis of pj-nitrophenylacetate. In both instances, the polymer bound 4-(dialkylamino)pyridine was found to be a superior catalyst than the corresponding low molecular weight analog. 

Dienes bonded to silicones to give products stable to hydrolysis are available in a wide variety of combinations, from the distillable l,3-bis(isoprenyl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane to high polymers with dozens of diene groups attached [23], Diels-Alder cycloadditions may be performed with dieno-philes. Maleic anhydride adds almost quantitatively to the conjugated diene system, giving easy access to a siloxane species of considerable industrial importance [24]. 

All maleimides were synthesized according to standard procedures.16 Maleic anhydride, dimethyl maleate, and diethyl fiimarate were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. and used as received. 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether (CHVE) and tetraethylene glycol divinyl ether (CHVE) were used as received from International Speciality Products. Bis(4-vinyloxybutyl) isophthalate (IPDBVE) and bis(vinyloxybutyl)succinate (SEGDVE) were obtained from Allied-Signal and used without further purification. All acrylates were used as received from either Aldrich Chemical Co. or Scientific Polymer Products. 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMAP) was used as received from Ciba Specialty Chemicals. 

Petrillo reported that the bis-acetoxymethylpyrrole 83 undergoes a sequential Diels-Alder reaction of the in situ generated 2,3-dimethylpyrrole with carbodienophiles (such as maleic anhydride, maleimide, ethyl maleate, fumaronitrile, and ethyl acrylate) to afford the octahydrocarbazoles 84 which can be oxidized with DDQ to the corresponding carbazole derivatives . 

The bromination and hydrolysis of ketenes and bisketenes have been studied. The reaction of the bis(ketene) 289 with bromine has yielded the dibromo fumarate derivative 290, whose /r/mr-con figuration has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography (Scheme 41).366 The hydrolysis of the dibromo fumarate derivative 291 first provided the dibromo derivative (5//)-furanone 292. The prolonged reaction with water afforded the maleic anhydride 293. The methanolysis of the dibromo fumarate derivative 290 has resulted in the formation of an isomeric mixture of dimethyl... 

The results show that basic alkylphosphines are especially suitable. The ligand should be sterically demanding, but tri-f-butylphosphine (entry 8) is obviously too bulky. An ideal ligand seems to be tri-f-propylphosphine (entries 6 and 7). Unfortunately, the water-soluble ligands TPPMS (entries 2 and 3) and TPPTS do not work in this reaction, also the carbene ligand bis(mesitylene)imidazolium chloride (entry 12) has only a low activity. The influence of additives like maleic anhydride (MA) and 1,3-divinyltetra-methyldisiloxane (dvds) is negligible. 

EINECS 203-468-6, see Ethylenediamine EINECS 203-470-7, see Allyl alcohol EINECS 203-472-8, see Chloroacetaldehyde EINECS 203-481-7, see Methyl formate EINECS 203-523-4, see 2-Methylpentane EINECS 203-528-1, see 2-Pentanone EINECS 203-544-9, see 1-Nitropropane EINECS 203-545-4, see Vinyl acetate EINECS 203-548-0, see 2,4-Dimethylpentane EINECS 203-550-1, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone EINECS 203-558-5, see Diisopropylamine EINECS 203-560-6, see Isopropyl ether EINECS 203-561-1, see Isopropyl acetate EINECS 203-564-8, see Acetic anhydride EINECS 203-571-6, see Maleic anhydride EINECS 203-576-3, see m-Xylene EINECS 203-598-3, see Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether EINECS 203-604-4, see 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene EINECS 203-608-6, see 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene EINECS 203-620-1, see Diisobutyl ketone EINECS 203-621-7, see sec-Hexyl acetate EINECS 203-623-8, see Bromobenzene EINECS 203-624-3, see Methylcyclohexane EINECS 203-625-9, see Toluene EINECS 203-628-5, see Chlorobenzene EINECS 203-630-6, see Cyclohexanol EINECS 203-632-7, see Phenol EINECS 203-686-1, see Propyl acetate EINECS 203-692-4, see Pentane EINECS 203-694-5, see 1-Pentene EINECS 203-695-0, see cis-2-Pentene EINECS 203-699-2, see Butylamine EINECS 203-713-7, see Methyl cellosolve EINECS 203-714-2, see Methylal EINECS 203-716-3, see Diethylamine EINECS 203-721-0, see Ethyl formate EINECS 203-726-8, see Tetrahydrofuran EINECS 203-729-4, see Thiophene EINECS 203-767-1, see 2-Heptanone EINECS 203-772-9, see Methyl cellosolve acetate EINECS 203-777-6, see Hexane EINECS 203-799-6, see 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether EINECS 203-804-1, see 2-Ethoxyethanol EINECS 203-806-2, see Cyclohexane EINECS 203-807-8, see Cyclohexene EINECS 203-809-9, see Pyridine EINECS 203-815-1, see Morpholine EINECS 203-839-2, see 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate EINECS 203-870-1, see Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether EINECS 203-892-1, see Octane EINECS 203-893-7, see 1-Octene EINECS 203-905-0, see 2-Butoxyethanol EINECS 203-913-4, see Nonane EINECS 203-920-2, see Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane EINECS 203-967-9, see Dodecane EINECS 204-066-3, see 2-Methylpropene EINECS 204-112-2, see Triphenyl phosphate EINECS 204-211-0, see Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate EINECS 204-258-7, see l,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin... 

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