Biphenyl benzoate

Denef VJ, MA Patrauchan, C Florizone, J Park, TV Tsoi, W Verstraete, JM Tiedje, LD Eltis (2005) Growth substrate- and phase-specific expression of biphenyl, benzoate, and Cl metabolic pathways in Burkhold-eria xenovorans LB400. J Bacterial 187 7996-8005. 

Polymerization aids, including initiators and catalysts, have been found in plastics intended for food contact. These include methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl benzoate, phenyl benzoate, and azobisisobutyronitrile among the chemicals detected. I59 ... 

The predicted phase sequence SmA-TGBA-N was first observed in a mixture of cholesteryl nonanoate and nonyloxybenzoic acid [59], later in a chiral derivative of 4-biphenyl-benzoate [7] and many other pure compounds. According to the theoretical predictions, the occurrence of TGB phases requires a high optical purity and the abilities of the molecules to form a small cholesteric pitch as well as a smectic layer structure. The phase diagrams of chiral-racemic mixtures (Figure 10.8) confirm that the TGB... 

Legrandet al. [102] report an electroclinic effect in the cholesteric phase near a N -SmA-SmC multicritical point of the n = 8 homolog of a biphenyl benzoate series. This chiral analogon to the N-SmA-SmC point is found at 15 MPa and 144 C. 

Dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate, benzoyl butyl phthalate DIbutyl phthalate, bis(2-2 butoxyethoxy) methane, bis(2-ethyl-hexyl adipate) dioctylphthalate diisodecyl phthalate isomers, trichlorobenzane, biphenyl benzoate, butyl benzoate Phthalates... 

Fit securely to the lower end of the condenser (as a receiver) a Buchner flask, the side-tube carrying a piece of rubber tubing which falls well below the level of the bench. Steam-distil the ethereal mixture for about 30 minutes discard the distillate, which contains the ether, possibly a trace of unchanged ethyl benzoate, and also any biphenyl, CeHs CgHs, which has been formed. The residue in the flask contains the triphenyl carbinol, which solidifies when the liquid is cooled. Filter this residual product at the pump, wash the triphenyl-carbinol thoroughly with water, drain, and then dry by pressing between several layers of thick drying-paper. Yield of crude dry product, 8 g. The triphenyl-carbinol can be recrystallised from methylated spirit (yield, 6 g.), or, if quite dry, from benzene, and so obtained as colourless crystals, m.p. 162. ... 

Only a few diacvl peroxides see widespread use as initiators of polymerization. The reactions of the diaroyl peroxides (36, R=aryl) will be discussed in terms of the chemistry of BPO (Scheme 3.25). The rate of p-scission of thermally generated benzoyloxy radicals is slow relative to cage escape, consequently, both benzoyloxy and phenyl radicals are important as initiating species. In solution, the only significant cage process is reformation of BPO (ca 4% at 80 °C in isooctane) II"l only minute amounts of phenyl benzoate or biphenyl are formed within the cage. Therefore, in the presence of a reactive substrate (e.g. monomer), tire production of radicals can be almost quantitative (see 3.3.2.1.3). 

Hori and her collaborators [157, 158] also investigated the crystal structures of 4-[(S)-l-methyl-pentyloxycarbonyl]phenyl 4 -octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxyl-ate, 4- [ (S)-1 -methyl-hexyloxy-carbonyl] phenyl 4 -octyloxybiphenyl-4-carbox-ylate, and (R)-l-methylheptyl 4-(4 -octyloxy-biphenyl-4-yloxymethylene) benzoate. All three crystal structures are isomorphous with the structure of MHPOBC. 

Hori and Ohashi [162] found three crystal forms for the compound 4 -hexyloxy-4-biphenyl p-[(S)-2-methylbutyl]benzoate. The structures of two crystal forms I-T (triclinic) and II-M (monoclinic) of this compound were determined. The crystal structure of I-T contains four crystallographically independent molecules. The dihedral angles between the phenyl rings of the... 

The enzymes of alternative pathways may be induced in a given strain by growth with different substrates for example, growth of Pseudomonas putida R1 with salicylate induces enzymes of the extradiol fission pathway, whereas growth with benzoate induces those of the intradiol pathway (Chakrabarty 1972). As a broad generalization, the extradiol fission is preferred for the degradation of more complex compounds such as toluene, naphthalene, and biphenyl (Furukawa et al. 1983). 

Degradation of PCBs is carried out by a suite of enzymes comprising biphenyl-2,3-dioxygenase, biphenyl-2,3-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase, and the hydrolytic enzymes that produce benzoate encoded by the genes bphA, bphB, bphC, and bphD (Furukawa and Miyazaki 1986 Ahmad et al. 1991 Taira et al. 1992). 

Amphiphilic systems containing an extended rigid-rod block, rather than a more flexible linear chain, have also been shown to self-assemble into well-defined structures. Stupp s group explored a series of rod-dendron and dendron-rod-dendron hybrids containing two to three biphenyl ester moieties as a rigid rod that was capped by one or two 3,4,5-tra-alkoxy benzoate dendrons (Lecommandoux et al. 2003). The... 

Microbial biosensors associated with respiration have been described for the following aromatics phenol, benzoate, naphthalene, dibenzofuran, biphenyl, and benzene. Table 10 gives a survey of the characteristic parameters of these microbial sensors along with interfering substances. 

Biphenyl Pseudomonas putida >100 n.d. 0.25 n.Xd. Catechol, 2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl, [118-121] Benzoate, Chlorobenzoate, Salicylaldehyde, Acetate... 

Reshetelov AN, Iliasov PV, Slepenkin AV, Greschkina GM, Starovoitov 11 (1999) Pseudomonas-hsLsei amperometric detection of biphenyl and chlorinated benzoates. Anal Lett 32 11-23... 

Butyl benzoate Isobutyl benzoate p-ter<-Amylphenol Isoamylaniline Biphenyl Phenyl ether Isoamyl benzoate Diphenylmethane... 

The pyrolysis of benzyl benzoate has been examined in detail under FVP conditions over the range 750-900 °C89. While the main products are the expected diphenylmethane, toluene, biphenyl and bibenzyl, these are accompanied by a number of interesting minor products. 

Bryce-Smith and Gilbert have shown that toluene, t-butylbenzene, chlorobenzene, o- andp-xylene, and biphenyl all undergo photoaddition to maleic anhydride, yielding 1 2 adducts [33], All the substituents decrease the rate of formation of adducts. Benzonitrile, nitrobenzene, phenol, methyl benzoate, durene, hexamethylbenzene, naphthalene, and biphenylene fail to undergo the addition of these, benzonitrile, nitrobenzene, methyl benzoate, and biphenylene do not form charge-transfer complexes. Bradshaw [34] found that various alkylben-zenes give 1 2 adducts with maleic anhydride upon photosensitization with acetophenone. 

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