Biotechnology waste biomass

Horsfall Jnr M., Abia, A.A., and Spiff, A.I. 2003. Removal of Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions from waste water by cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz) waste biomass. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2 360. ... 

The Marine Biotechnology Institute (MBI) was founded in 1987 for the study and applications of biodiversity in marine environments. Currently, and within the scope of the present book, the research area of relevance is industrial applications of microbiology . The institute also performs research in C02 fixation. The Applied Microbiology Laboratory is searching cost-effective utilization of microbes for environmental conservation and restoration. In particular, the decontamination of areas polluted with petroleum-related compounds has been addressed. Attention has been paid to removal of polycyclic hydrocarbons. They are also developing processing methods for the conversion of biomass and organic wastes by methane fermentation. 

Microbial aggregates used in hazardous waste treatment. Microorganisms are key biotechnology agents because of their diverse biodegradation and biotransformation abihties and their small size. They have high ratios of biomass surface to biomass volume, which ensure... 

The search for new and cheap substrates for the production of bioenergy and other biotechnological products is continuously demanded. Pal et al. reported that the mustard stalk and straw served as an alternative substrate for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and as a source for saccharification. The biomass from halophyte plants such as Retama retam and Juncus maritimus were used as the substrate for bioethanol production. The combined effect of thermochemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of kitchen wastes for maximizing the production of fermentable soluble sugars has been described previously. ... 

Although chitosan is commercially obtained from crustacean shells, waste fungal biomass, obtained from pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries, has proven to be the most enriched somce of chitosan. The advantages of a fungal source are that... 

Hydrothermal technology has emerged as a most powerful tool because of its environmental-friendly approach. Hydrothermally synthesized carbons have been applied in various fields of research including electronics, nanotechnology, mechanical, biotechnology, and biomedical. Conversion of biomass and waste materials into alternative energy sources open new potentials for future research. A considerable amount of research is still required to fully understand the carbonization process of biomass and polysaccharides. 

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