Biomaterials foreign-body response

Ward WK, Slobodzian EP, Tiekotter KL, Wood MD. The effect of microgeometry, implant thickness and polyurethane chemistry on the foreign body response to subcutaneous implants. Biomaterials 2002, 23, 4185-4192. 

Hetrick EM, Prichard HL, Klitzman B, Schoenfisch MH. Reduced foreign body response at nitric oxide-releasing subcutaneous implants. Biomaterials 2007, 28, 4571 -580. 

J.M. Morais, F. Papadimitrakopoulos, D.J. Burgess, Biomaterials/ tissue interactions possible solutions to overcome foreign body response, AAPS J. 12 (2010) 188-196. 

J.M. Anderson, Inflammation, wound healing, and the foreign body response, in B.D. Ratner, A.S. Hoffman, F.J. Schoen, J.E. Lemons (Eds.), Biomaterial Science An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, third ed.. Academic Press, Elsevier, Waltham, MA, USA, 2013. 

CPCs are nontoxic to cells, biocompatible, and osteoconductive. Furthermore, CPCs are biologically active such that they remodel and incorporate in host bone, and thus do not induce a foreign-body response.These biomaterials set at a physiological pH with minimal reaction exotherm, and do not release toxic monomers or solvents.There are two primary classes of CPCs (a)... 

S.Boomker JM, Luttikhuizen DT, Veniga H. The modulation of angiogenesis in the foreign body response by the poxviral protein M-T7. Biomaterials. 2005 26 4874-4881. 

Inflammation, wound healing, foreign body response, and repair of implant sites are usually considered components of the general soft tissue response to biomaterials or medical devices. The extent or degree and temporal variations in these responses are dictated by the inherent biocompatibility characteristics of the biomaterial or medical device. Factors which may play a role in the soft tissue response include the size. 

Malik AF, Hoque R, Ouyang X, Ghani A, Hong E, Khan K, et al. Inflammasome components Asc and caspase-1 mediate biomaterial-induced inflammation and foreign body response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011 108(50) 20095-100. 

FIGURE 36.1 Inflammation, wound healing and foreign body responses at the implant site. The biomaterial pathway occurs at the surface of the biomaterial, whereas the exudate/tissue pathway occurs in the space surrounding the biomaterial. Both pathways can occur in a simultaneous manner and time frame. 

Since biomaterials are intended to contact directly with hving tissues and body fluids, they are targets of the protective mechanisms within the body, including protein adsorption, hemostasis, inflammation and foreign body response [3]. In the past decade, it has been accepted that, independently of their nature, all implantable biomaterials invoke similar inflammatory and foreign body responses [4]. Therefore, it is cmcial to understand and predict the interactions between biomaterials and tissues or body fluids. 

Our understanding of host-material interactions is improving over time. The often recited foreign-body response associated with the use of biomaterials is slowly transforming into a tissue healing response that can be beneficial towards tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. 

Keselowsky, B., Bridges, A., Burns, K., Tate, C., Babensee, J., LaPlaca, M., Garcia, A., 2007. Role of plasma fibronectin in the foreign body response to biomaterials. Biomaterials 28 (25), 3626-3631. 

---