Biomass bioethanol from

Figure 15.9 Block diagram for bioethanol from ligno-cellulosic biomass [27], CBP = consolidated biprocessing, CF = cofermetation, SSF = simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, SSCF = simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation. Components C = cellolose,...

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) can be produced from a wide variety of feedstocks, including wood, wastepaper, and crop residues. Ethanol produced from plant biomass is also known as bioethanol. The production of bioethanol from plant biomass involves the fermentation of pulped, mashed, or juiced plant material by yeasts and bacteria (Wiselogel et al., 1996). 

Another example regards an aspect discussed before on the sustainability of land use for biofuels. We have already remarked the various problems in this analysis that can be summarized, in a simplified form, in reply to the question which use is the most sustainable for one ha of land. There are different possible options to produce (i) bioliquids (by fast pyrolysis), bioethanol or biodiesel, (ii) food, (iii) chemicals, (iv) electricity or (v) to feed animals. There are more options (e.g., biogas) but the present already allow a good comparison, although theoretical (land productivity depends on several factors and, for example, palms to produce the vegetable oil raw material for biodiesel is not locally in competition with the production of bioethanol from biomasses for which different climate and land characteristics are required). 

Bioethanol is bio-fuel substitute of gasoline, i.e., it is ethanol obtained from biomass, not from fossil fuels, and is used as a gasoline blend. 

Kang, Q., Appels, L., Tan, T., and Dewil, R. (2014) Bioethanol from lig-nocellulosic biomass current findings determine research priorities. Sci. World., 2014, 1-13. 

Bioethanol Produced from Sugar Biomass. Production of bioethanol from sugar plants is a straightforward process after conditioning of the feedstock an aqueous raw sugar juice (sucrose syrup) is extracted (see Figure 8.1 and Chapter 9.3) and directly submitted to fermentation. 

Nair SU, Ramachandran S, Pandey A. (2009). Bioethanol from starchy biomass Part I Production of starch saccharifying enzymes. In Pandey A, editor. Handbook of Plant-Based Biofuels. CRC Press. 

A. Demirbas, Bioethanol from cellulosic materials a renewable motor fuel from biomass. Energy Sources 27, 327-337 (2005). 

Physical pre-treatments are essentially processes that reduce the size or disrupt the structure of the biomass substrate in order to increase the surface area. For instance, the milling process is one such example which is also used in the production of bioethanol from sugarcane and corn. 

Senthilkumar, V. and Gunasekaran, P. (2009) Bioethanol from biomass production of ethanol from molasses, in Hand Book of Plant-Based Biofuels (ed. A. Pandey), CRC Press. 

Sanchez, 6. J., Montoya, S. Production of bioethanol from biomass an overview. In Biofuel Technologies-RecentDevelopments, Gupta, V. K., Tuohy, M. G., Eds., Springer Germany, 2013, pp. 397-441. 

Stichnothe, H., Azapagic, A., 2009. Bioethanol from waste life cycle estimation of the greenhouse gas saving potential. Resources Conservation and Recycling 53 (11), 624r-630. http / /dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.04.012. Sticklen, M., 2006. Plant genetic engineering to improve biomass characteristics for biofuels. Current Opinion in... 

Supporting measures to bioenergy developments in China mainly focus on feedstock. China 973 and 863 Programs and S T Support Program favor micro-algae production and bioethanol from sweet potatoes for the expansion and commercialization of biomass liquid fuels (Ministry of Science and Technology of the People s Republic of China, 2015). 

Alamanou, D.G., Malamis, D., Mamma, D., Kekos, D., 2015. Bioethanol from dried household food waste applying non-isothermal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation at high substrate concentration. Waste and Biomass Valorization 6 (3), 353—361. 

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